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| Foreword | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Contributors | |
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| Reviewers | |
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| Health and Healthcare: Implications of Female Gender, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Status | |
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| Women, Society, Health, and Healthcare: Historical Roots and Contemporary Perspectives | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Revisiting the Past to Better Understand the Present: Historical Beliefs About and Attitudes Toward Women | |
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| How Wrong They Were: Modern Insights into Women's Nature | |
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| Patriarchy: Natural and Inevitable? | |
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| The Social Construction of Health | |
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| Women Working for Change | |
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| Ghosts of the Past That Continue to Haunt Women | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| References | |
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| Class, Ethnicity, Age, Physical Status, and Sexual Orientation: Implications for Health and Healthcare | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Socioeconomic Status | |
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| Ethnicity | |
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| Age | |
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| Women with Physical Disabilities and Chronic Diseases | |
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| Lesbian Women | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Environmental/Lifestyle Factors That Affect Health | |
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| Nutrition | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Dietary Patterns in America | |
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| The Basics of Sound Nutrition | |
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| Two Essential Noncaloric Nutrients: Fiber and Water | |
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| Antioxidants | |
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| Making Sound Nutritional Decisions | |
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| Nutritional Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Substance Abuse and Dependence | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Background | |
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| Definition of Terms | |
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| Theories of Causation | |
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| Epidemiology | |
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| Substance Use During Pregnancy | |
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| Risk Factors for Substance Abuse and Dependence | |
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| Classification of Substances of Abuse | |
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| The Unique Psychosocial Impact of Substance Abuse/Dependence on Women | |
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| Role of Physiological, Sex-Based Differences in Substance Abuse/Dependence | |
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| Treatment | |
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| Barriers to Treatment and Hope for Recovery | |
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| Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Environmental Toxins | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Evaluation of Environmental Toxins | |
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| Environmental Toxins of Special Concern to Women | |
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| Keeping It in Perspective | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Rest and Exercise | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Rest | |
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| Exercise | |
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| Rest and Exercise Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Women and Stress | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Stress and Coping | |
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| Stressors at Home and at Work | |
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| Strategies for Relieving Stress and Promoting Well-Being | |
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| Long-Term Planning | |
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| Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Relationships | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Women and Relationships | |
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| Markers of Healthy Relationships | |
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| Common Limiting Factors in Relationships | |
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| Strategies for Maintaining Healthy Relationships | |
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| Learning from Broken Relationships | |
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| Relational Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| The Emerging Healthcare Delivery System | |
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| Traditional Healthcare | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Knowing the System | |
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| Patients' Legal Rights | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Nontraditional Healthcare: Emerging into Integrative Healthcare | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Definition and Clarification of Terms | |
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| The Emergence of Holistic Healthcare | |
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| Foundational Concepts of the Holistic Healthcare Paradigm | |
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| Women and Integrative Healthcare | |
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| Research Methodologies and Intergative Healthcare | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Holistic Health: Complementary Therapeutic Disciplines and Remedies | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Diet, Nutrition, and Lifestyle Choices | |
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| Modalities That Promote Relaxation and Enhance Self-Regulation and Insight | |
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| Transpersonal Therapies | |
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| Bodyways: Body-Based Therapies | |
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| Ethnomedical Systems | |
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| Other Healing Disciplines | |
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| Herbal Remedies | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Physical Health | |
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| Cardiovascular Wellness and Illness | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Markers of Cardiovascular Wellness | |
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| Promoting Cardiovascular Wellness | |
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| Cardiovascular Illnesses | |
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| Cardiovascular Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Respiratory Wellness and Illness | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Markers of Respiratory Wellness | |
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| Promoting Respiratory Wellness | |
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| Respiratory Illnesses | |
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| Respiratory Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Musculoskeletal Wellness and Illness | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Markers of Musculoskeletal Wellness | |
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| Promoting Musculoskeletal Wellness | |
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| Musculoskeletal Problems and Diseases | |
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| Musculoskeletal Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Gastrointestinal Wellness and Illness | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Markers of Gastrointestinal Wellness | |
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| Promoting Gastrointestinal Wellness | |
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| Gastrointestinal Illnesses and Problems | |
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| Gastrointestinal Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Urinary Tract Wellness and Illness | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Markers of Urinary Tract Wellness | |
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| Promoting Urinary Tract Wellness | |
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| Urinary Tract Illnesses and Problems | |
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| Urinary Tract Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Gynecological Wellness and Illness | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Markers of Gynecological Wellness | |
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| Promoting Gynecological Wellness | |
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| Gynecological Illnesses and Problems | |
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| The Challenge of Cancer | |
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| Gynecological Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Skin Wellness and Illness | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Markers of Skin Wellness: Skin Color and Texture | |
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| Promoting Skin Wellness | |
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| Diseases and Problems of the Skin | |
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| Skin Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Neurological Wellness and Illness | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Markers of Neurological Wellness | |
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| Promoting Neurological Wellness | |
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| Neurological Illnesses and Problems | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Neurological Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Immunological Wellness and Illness | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Markers of Immunological Wellness | |
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| Promoting Immunological Wellness | |
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| Immunological Illnesses | |
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| Immunological Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Thyroid Wellness and Illness | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Markers of Thyroid Wellness | |
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| Promoting Thyroid Wellness | |
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| Thyroid Illnesses and Problems | |
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| Thyroid Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Sexual Wellness and Illness | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Markers of Sexual Wellness | |
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| Promoting Sexual Wellness | |
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| Women's Sexual Illnesses and Problems | |
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| Sexual Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Pregnancy and Childbearing | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Choosing a Healthcare Provider | |
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| Preparation for Conception | |
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| Conception | |
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| Pregnancy | |
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| Labor and Delivery | |
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| The Postrartum Period | |
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| Unplanned Pregnancy | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Menopause | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Terminology | |
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| Menopause: A Natural Process or a Deficiency Disease? | |
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| Hormone Production in the Body | |
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| Physical and Other Changes Associated with Perimenopause | |
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| Physical Changes Associated with Menopause | |
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| Hormone Level Testing | |
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| Therapies for Problems Associated with Perimenopause and Menopause | |
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| Promoting Wellness During and After Menopause | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Violence | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Intimate Violence | |
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| Sexual Assault | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Emotional and Spiritual Health | |
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| Psychological/Emotional Wellness and Illness | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Markers of Psychological/Emotional Wellness | |
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| Promoting Psychological/Emotional Wellness | |
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| Psychological/Emotional Illnesses and Problems | |
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| Psychological/Emotional Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Spiritual Wellness and Illness | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Spirituality as Religious Orientation | |
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| Nontraditional Spirituality | |
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| Spirituality as the Essence or Spirit of a Person | |
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| Markers of Spiritual Wellness | |
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| Spirit, Socioeconomic Status, and Health | |
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| Spiritual Wellness Self-Assessment | |
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| New Directions | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Supporting Body/Mind/Spirit at the End of Life | |
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| Chapter Outline | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Death | |
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| Grief | |
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| Questions for Reflection and Discussion | |
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| Resources | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |