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| Abbreviations | |
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| List of Figures, Tables and Maps | |
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| Preface | |
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| Introductory Material | |
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| Introduction to Textual Criticism | |
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| Definition of Textual Criticism | |
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| Importance of Textual Criticism | |
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| Differences Between Old Testament and New Testament Textual Criticism | |
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| Old Testament Transmissional History | |
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| Different Starting Points | |
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| Goal of Textual Criticism | |
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| Goal of Old Testament Textual Criticism | |
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| Final Form or Forms of the Old Testament Text | |
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| Fluidity of the Old Testament Text | |
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| A Complex Goal | |
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| Goal of New Testament Textual Criticism | |
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| The Current Debate | |
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| The Goal | |
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| Transmissional Errors Occurring in the Bible | |
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| Unintentional Changes | |
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| Mistaken Letters | |
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| Homophony | |
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| Haplography | |
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| Dittography | |
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| Metathesis | |
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| Fusion | |
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| Fission | |
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| Homoioteleuton and Homoioarkton | |
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| Other Omissions or Additions | |
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| Intentional Changes | |
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| Changes in Spelling or Grammar | |
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| Clearing Up Other Difficulties | |
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| Harmonization | |
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| Euphemistic Changes | |
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| Theological Changes | |
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| Additions and Glosses | |
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| Transmission of the Biblical Texts | |
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| The Old Testament Text | |
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| The Old Testament Text Prior to 400 B.C. | |
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| The Old Testament Text 400 B.C. to A.D. 100 | |
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| Preserving the Text | |
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| Revising the Text | |
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| The Old Testament Text from About A.D. 100-500 | |
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| The Old Testament Text from About A.D. 500-1000 | |
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| Masoretic Notations | |
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| Masoretic Families | |
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| The Hebrew Text After A.D. 1000 | |
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| New Testament Text | |
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| The New Testament Text Prior to A.D. 100 | |
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| The New Testament Text After A.D. 100 | |
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| The Transmission Process | |
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| Old Testament Textual Criticism | |
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| A Brief History of Old Testament Textual Criticism | |
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| Dead Sea Scrolls | |
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| Septuagint (LXX) | |
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| A Unified Text by the First Century A.D. | |
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| Origen's Hexapla | |
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| Latin Vulgate | |
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| Masoretes | |
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| Printed Hebrew Bibles | |
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| Polyglot Bibles | |
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| Hebrew Editions with Textual Apparatuses | |
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| Diplomatic Editions | |
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| Present State of Old Testament Textual Criticism | |
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| Modern Diplomatic Editions of the Hebrew Bible | |
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| Determining the Most Plausible Original Reading | |
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| Where Do We Start? | |
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| Collecting the Evidence | |
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| Examining the Masoretic Tradition | |
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| Examining Other Sources | |
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| Evaluating the Internal and External Evidence | |
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| Internal Evidence | |
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| External Evidence | |
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| Language of the Witness | |
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| Date of the Witness | |
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| Reliability of the Witness | |
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| Provenance (Origin/Source) and Purpose of the Text | |
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| The Interdependence of the Witnesses | |
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| Quality of the Sources | |
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| Determining the Most Plausible Original Reading | |
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| Consider the Strength of the Textual Tradition | |
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| Examine Internal Evidence | |
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| Examine External Evidence | |
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| Evaluate the Evidence | |
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| Possible Emendations | |
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| Specific Examples | |
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| 1 Chronicles 6:40 (MT 25) | |
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| Hosea 7:14 | |
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| Getting to Know the Sources of Old Testament Textual Criticism | |
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| Primary Sources (Hebrew Texts) | |
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| Silver Amulets | |
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| Dead Sea Scrolls | |
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| The First Isaiah Scroll | |
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| The Second Isaiah Scroll | |
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| The Habakkuk Commentary | |
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| The Psalms Scroll | |
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| Nash Papyrus | |
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| Murabba'at Manuscripts | |
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| Manuscripts at Masada | |
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| Nahal Hever Manuscripts | |
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| Cairo Genizah Manuscripts | |
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| Important Hebrew Manuscripts of the Old Testament | |
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| Ben Asher Manuscripts | |
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| Leningrad (Formerly Petersburg) Codex of the Prophets | |
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| Damascus Pentateuch | |
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| Codex Reuchlinianus of the Prophets | |
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| Erfurtensis Codices | |
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| Important Printed Hebrew Editions | |
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| Secondary Sources (Non-Hebrew Texts) | |
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| Samaritan Pentateuch (sp) | |
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| Aramaic Targums (or Targumim) | |
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| Pentateuch | |
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| Prophets | |
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| Writings | |
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| The Septuagint (LXX) | |
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| Other Greek Recensions | |
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| Aquila | |
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| Theodotion | |
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| Symmachus | |
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| Origen's Hexapla | |
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| Other Recensions of the LXX | |
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| Kaige Recension | |
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| Philo's Quotations of the Old Testament | |
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| New Testament Textual Criticism | |
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| A Brief History of New Testament Textual Criticism | |
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| Irenaeus | |
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| Origen of Alexandria / Caesarea | |
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| Jerome | |
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| Erasmus of Rotterdam | |
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| Brian Walton | |
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| Other Greek Texts | |
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| Johann Bengel | |
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| Johann Jakob Griesbach | |
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| Karl Lachmann | |
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| Constantin von Tischendorf | |
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| Brooke F. Westcott and Fenton J. A. Hort | |
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| Present State of New Testament Textual Criticism | |
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| Modern Eclectic Editions of the Greek Bible | |
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| Determining the Most Plausible Reading | |
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| Where Do We Start? | |
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| Collecting the Evidence | |
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| External Evidence | |
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| New Testament Greek Manuscripts | |
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| Versions | |
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| Patristic Citations | |
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| Internal Evidence | |
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| Evaluating the Evidence | |
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| Manuscripts Must Be Weighed, Not Merely Counted | |
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| Examine the Textual Tradition | |
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| Determine the Reading That Would Most Likely Give Rise to the Others | |
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| The More Difficult Reading Is Preferable | |
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| The Shorter Reading Is Generally Preferable | |
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| Determine Which Reading Is More Appropriate in Its Context | |
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| Specific Examples | |
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| Ephesians 1:1 | |
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| Romans 15:7 | |
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| When Should I Use Textual Criticism? | |
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| Getting to Know the Sources of New Testament Textual Criticism | |
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| Biblical Papyri | |
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| Chester Beatty Collection | |
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| John Rylands Library | |
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| Bodmer Collection | |
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| Important Uncials | |
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| Codex Vaticanus | |
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| Codex Sinaiticus | |
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| Codex Alexandrinus | |
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| Codex Ephraemi | |
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| Codex Bezae | |
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| Minuscule Manuscripts | |
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| Ferrar Family | |
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| Lake Family | |
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| Minuscule 33 | |
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| Minuscule 16 | |
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| Additional Ancient Versions for Old and New Testament Textual Criticism | |
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| Examining the Ancient Versions | |
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| Early Eastern Versions of the Bible | |
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| Syriac Versions | |
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| Coptic Versions | |
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| Armenian Version | |
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| Ethiopic Version | |
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| Georgian Version | |
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| Arabic Versions | |
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| Early Western Versions of the Bible | |
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| Old Latin Versions | |
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| The Latin Vulgate | |
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| The Gothic Version | |
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| The Old Slavonic Version | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Permissions | |
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| Names Index | |
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| Subject Index | |
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| Scripture Index | |