| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| The Meaning of Disease | |
| |
| |
| Approaches to Understanding Disease | |
| |
| |
| Coming Together | |
| |
| |
| Germs, Genes, Geography, and Human Behavior | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| The War between Microbes and Men | |
| |
| |
| The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly | |
| |
| |
| The War Zone | |
| |
| |
| Immunity throughout the Life Cycle | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Early Humans and Their Diseases | |
| |
| |
| Wanderlust | |
| |
| |
| Evolutionary Hitchhikers | |
| |
| |
| Herpes | |
| |
| |
| Roving Parasites and Opportunistic Microbes | |
| |
| |
| Insect Carriers of Disease | |
| |
| |
| Hitchhiking Insects | |
| |
| |
| Ingestion of Parasites | |
| |
| |
| Trichinosis | |
| |
| |
| Tapeworms (Cestodes) | |
| |
| |
| Noninfectious Disease and Dental Disease | |
| |
| |
| Paleolithic Times | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Seeds of Change | |
| |
| |
| Prologue | |
| |
| |
| The Best of Times | |
| |
| |
| Changing Times | |
| |
| |
| Changes in Disease Patterns | |
| |
| |
| Rodent-borne Diseases | |
| |
| |
| Insect-borne Diseases | |
| |
| |
| Togetherness in a Crowded Village | |
| |
| |
| Intestinal Roundworms (Nematodes) | |
| |
| |
| Hookworms | |
| |
| |
| Noninfectious Disease and Dental Disease | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mosquitoes, Malaria, and Gene Wars | |
| |
| |
| Shifting Paradigms | |
| |
| |
| The Vectors of Malaria | |
| |
| |
| Evolution of Malaria | |
| |
| |
| The Lives of the Plasmodia Parasites of Malaria | |
| |
| |
| The Disease Complex | |
| |
| |
| Endemic versus Epidemic Malaria | |
| |
| |
| Surviving the New Order through Genetics | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Invitation to a Minute Worm: The Schistosomes | |
| |
| |
| Background Check | |
| |
| |
| The Onerous Guest | |
| |
| |
| The African Invitation | |
| |
| |
| The Asian Invitation | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Braving New Worlds: Invisible Enemies of Settlers | |
| |
| |
| Paradise Found and Lost | |
| |
| |
| Avoiding Africa's Fly Belts and the Sleeping Sickness | |
| |
| |
| Making Room for Chagas' Disease in the New World | |
| |
| |
| Leishmaniases: Old and New World | |
| |
| |
| Flying Worms (Filariae) | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Domesticated Animals and Disease | |
| |
| |
| Man's Best Friend | |
| |
| |
| Dogs and Rabies | |
| |
| |
| Cat Fanciers | |
| |
| |
| Cats and Toxoplasmosis | |
| |
| |
| Taking Stock | |
| |
| |
| Goats and Brucellosis | |
| |
| |
| Bringing the Cows Home, and Anthrax | |
| |
| |
| No News Is Good News in the New World | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Cows, Mycobacteria, and Tuberculosis | |
| |
| |
| Mycobacteria | |
| |
| |
| Cows and the Mycobacteria of Tuberculosis | |
| |
| |
| Tuberculosis: The Human Disease | |
| |
| |
| Disease from Environmental Mycobacteria | |
| |
| |
| The Ancient Trail of Tuberculosis | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Moral Disease: Leprosy | |
| |
| |
| What Makes a Leper? | |
| |
| |
| The Culprit of Leprosy | |
| |
| |
| Different Sores for Different Folks | |
| |
| |
| The History of Leprosy | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Coming of Civilization | |
| |
| |
| The Lands of Plenty | |
| |
| |
| Opportunity Knocks | |
| |
| |
| Evolution of Childhood Diseases | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Syphilis: The Great Change Artist | |
| |
| |
| The Agent | |
| |
| |
| The Many Faces of Syphilis | |
| |
| |
| The Yaws Version | |
| |
| |
| The Pinta Version | |
| |
| |
| Nonvenereal Syphilis | |
| |
| |
| Venereal Syphilis | |
| |
| |
| Different Scenes, Different Patterns of Sores | |
| |
| |
| Congenital Syphilis | |
| |
| |
| Changeovers | |
| |
| |
| The Great Historical Pretense and the Facts | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Memories of Smallpox | |
| |
| |
| The Virus | |
| |
| |
| The Disease | |
| |
| |
| The Trail of Smallpox | |
| |
| |
| Desperate Measures | |
| |
| |
| Cowpox | |
| |
| |
| The Hybrid Virus | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pestilence, Plague, and Rats | |
| |
| |
| Rats Take Over the World | |
| |
| |
| Rat Fleas and Yersinia pestis | |
| |
| |
| The Disease | |
| |
| |
| Origin and Spread: The Great Rat Migrations | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Of Lice and Men: Plus Ticks, Mites, and Chiggers | |
| |
| |
| Lice and Men at War | |
| |
| |
| Wild Flea-borne Typhus | |
| |
| |
| Human (Louse-borne) Typhus | |
| |
| |
| Brill-Zinsser Disease | |
| |
| |
| History of Typhus | |
| |
| |
| Trench Fever | |
| |
| |
| Ticks, Mites, Chiggers, and Spotted Fevers | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Marching to a New World Order: European Expansion and the Industrial Revolution | |
| |
| |
| Medieval Prologue | |
| |
| |
| The Great Paradigm Shift | |
| |
| |
| The Great Leap Forward | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Easy Route to Fame and Gripe: Cholera, the Salmonella Gang, and Other Prominent Gut Bugs | |
| |
| |
| The Story of Cholera | |
| |
| |
| The Salmonella Gang | |
| |
| |
| Other Prominent Gut Bugs | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Transoceanic Hitchhikers: Yellow Fever and Its Dengue Cousin | |
| |
| |
| Yellow Fever | |
| |
| |
| The Yellow Fever Viral Impact on the Human Host | |
| |
| |
| Yellow Fever Epilogue | |
| |
| |
| Dengue Fever | |
| |
| |
| Primary Infection of Dengue Fever | |
| |
| |
| Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Food for Thought: The Mystery Diseases | |
| |
| |
| Food Choices and Availability | |
| |
| |
| The Mystery Diseases: For Lack of Certain Nutrients | |
| |
| |
| The Land of All You Can Eat | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Globalization of Influenza | |
| |
| |
| What Is Influenza? | |
| |
| |
| The Agents of Infection | |
| |
| |
| Shifting Subtypes and Drifting New Lineages | |
| |
| |
| The 1918 Influenza Pandemic | |
| |
| |
| Early History of Influenza | |
| |
| |
| Post-1918 Influenza | |
| |
| |
| The 1976 Swine Flu Fiasco | |
| |
| |
| The 1997 Bird Flu Scare | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Diseases of Modern Civilization | |
| |
| |
| On the Road to Affluence | |
| |
| |
| Operation "Clean Sweep" | |
| |
| |
| Epidemic Poliomyelitis | |
| |
| |
| Meningococcal Meningitis | |
| |
| |
| The Hepatitis World | |
| |
| |
| Obstreperous Strep and the Staph of Life | |
| |
| |
| Opportunistic Legionnaire's Disease | |
| |
| |
| Lyme Disease | |
| |
| |
| The Mystery of Chronic Diseases | |
| |
| |
| Cancer Wars | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| The New Viral Wars and Sleeping Dragons | |
| |
| |
| The HIV/AIDS Pandemic | |
| |
| |
| Hemorrhagic Fevers | |
| |
| |
| Viral Encephalitis | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Back to the Future | |
| |
| |
| SARS: The Warning Shot Heard around the World | |
| |
| |
| Pollution's Progress | |
| |
| |
| A Word about Fungus | |
| |
| |
| Germs and Chemicals Designed for War | |
| |
| |
| Mad Cows, Designer Pigs, and Fancy Plants | |
| |
| |
| The Greatest Danger: A Crowded World | |
| |
| |
| Out of Order | |
| |
| |
| Concluding Comments: Ignorance Is Not Bliss | |
| |
| |
| Works Cited | |
| |
| |
| Index | |