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| Foreword | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction: Counseling Individuals With Life-Threatening Illness | |
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| Historical Perspectives on Dying and Illness | |
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| The Study of Dying: Early Efforts | |
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| Hospice: A Way to Care for the Dying | |
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| K�bler-Ross and On Death and Dying | |
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| Toward a More Inclusive Conceptualization of the Dying Process | |
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| Avery Weisman and the Complexity of Denial | |
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| The Evolution of Anticipatory Grief | |
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| The Possibilities in Dying | |
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| Intervals and Phases | |
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| Task and Phase Models of Coping With Life-Threatening Illness and Dying | |
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| Effective Professional Caregivers: Seven Sensitivities | |
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| Sensitivity to the Whole Person | |
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| Sensitivity to the Problem of Pain and Discomfort | |
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| Sensitivity to Honest, Open, and Mutual Communication | |
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| Sensitivity to the Individual's Autonomy | |
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| Sensitivity to the Individual's Needs | |
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| Sensitivity to Cultural Differences | |
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| Sensitivity to Goals | |
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| The Skilled Counselor | |
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| Skill as a Counselor | |
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| Sensitivity to Families | |
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| Herr and Weakland's (1979) Model | |
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| Network Intervention | |
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| Sensitivity to Different Age Groups, Populations, and Generational Cohorts | |
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| Working With Children and Adolescents | |
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| Working With Individuals With Intellectual Disability | |
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| Working With Older Persons | |
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| Sensitivity to Generational Differences | |
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| Sensitivity to Self | |
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| Responses to Life-Threatening Illness | |
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| Physical Responses | |
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| Physical Manifestations of Stress | |
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| Preoccupation With Health | |
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| Cognitive Responses | |
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| Shock | |
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| Denial | |
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| Egocentricity and Constriction of Interests | |
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| Bargaining | |
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| Changes in Body Image and Self-Esteem | |
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| "Near-Death" and Other Extraordinary Experiences | |
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| Other Dreams and Sleep Disturbances | |
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| Existential Plight, Reassessment of Life, and Mortality | |
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| Cognitive Impairments and Psychiatric Disturbances | |
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| Suicidal Thoughts | |
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| Hope | |
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| Emotional Responses | |
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| Guilt and Shame | |
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| Anger | |
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| Jealousy and Envy | |
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| Fear and Anxiety | |
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| Grief, Sadness, and Depression | |
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| Resignation | |
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| Other Emotional Responses | |
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| Behavioral Responses | |
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| Hypersensitivity | |
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| Humor | |
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| Disengagement | |
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| Mastery and Control Behaviors | |
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| Regression and Dependent Behaviors | |
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| Acting Out and Resisting Behaviors | |
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| Spiritual Responses | |
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| Changes in Spiritual Behaviors | |
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| Seeking a Miracle | |
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| Transcendent Behaviors | |
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| A Search for Meaning | |
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| A Sense of Connection and Control | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Understanding the Illness Experience | |
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| Disease-Related Factors: What Are the Particular Issues Raised by the Illness? | |
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| The Nature of the Disease | |
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| Predictability of the Disease Course | |
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| Symptoms | |
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| Psychological Effects | |
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| Social Consequences | |
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| Disease Trajectory | |
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| Treatment Differences | |
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| When Does Disease Strike? The Importance of the Life Cycle | |
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| Infancy and Early Childhood | |
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| The School-Age Child | |
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| Adolescence | |
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| The Young Adult | |
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| The Middle-Aged Adult | |
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| The Older Adult | |
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| Social and Psychological Factors | |
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| Characteristics Such as Gender, Race, Ethnicity and Culture, Social Class, and Income | |
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| Intellectual Ability, Knowledge, Education, and Prior Experience | |
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| The Meaning of Illness, Life, and Death: Religious, Spiritual, and Philosophical Systems | |
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| Personality, Coping Skills, and Will to Live | |
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| Informal Support: The Importance of Family, Friends, and Confidantes | |
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| Formal Support | |
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| Concurrent Crises | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Prediagnostic Phase: Understanding the Road Before | |
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| Symptom-Related Factors | |
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| How Apparent, Recognizable, and Serious Are the Symptoms? | |
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| How Disruptive Are the Symptoms? | |
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| How Frequent and Persistent Are the Symptoms? | |
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| Possible Alternative Interpretations | |
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| Physical and Psychological Factors | |
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| Tolerance Thresholds | |
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| Basic Beliefs and Knowledge | |
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| Anxiety Level | |
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| Personality Characteristics | |
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| Childhood Experiences | |
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| Situational Factors | |
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| Social Context | |
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| Competing Needs | |
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| Availability of Help | |
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| Social Factors | |
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| Culture | |
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| Social Class | |
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| Educational Level | |
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| Gender Roles | |
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| Age | |
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| Other Social Roles and Behaviors | |
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| The Process of Health Seeking | |
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| Health Seeking in Other Contexts | |
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| Counseling Clients Through the Crisis of Diagnosis | |
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| The Diagnostic Divide: The Acute Phase | |
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| Understanding the Disease | |
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| Examining and Maximizing Health and Lifestyle | |
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| Maximizing One's Coping Strengths and Limiting Weaknesses | |
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| Developing Strategies to Deal With Issues Created by Disease | |
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| Exploring the Effect of Illness on Sense of Self and Relationships With Others | |
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| Ventilating Feelings and Fears | |
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| Incorporating the Present Reality of the Diagnosis Into One's Sense of Past and Future | |
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| The End of the Acute or Diagnostic Phase | |
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| Counseling Clients in the Chronic Phase of Illness | |
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| The Chronic Phase: An Overview | |
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| Managing Symptoms and Side Effects | |
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| Carrying Out Health Regimens | |
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| Preventing and Managing Medical Crises | |
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| Managing Stress and Examining Coping | |
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| Maximizing Social Support and Minimizing Social Isolation | |
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| Normalizing Life in the Face of Disease | |
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| Dealing With Financial Concerns | |
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| Preserving Self-Concept | |
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| Redefining Relationships With Others Throughout the Course of the Disease | |
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| Ventilating Feelings and Fears | |
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| Finding Meaning in Suffering, Chronicity, Uncertainty, or Decline | |
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| The End of the Chronic Phase | |
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| Counseling Clients in Recovery | |
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| Dealing With the Physical, Psychological, Social, Financial, and Spiritual Residues of Illness | |
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| Coping With Ongoing Fears and Anxieties, Including Fear of Recurrence | |
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| Examining Life and Lifestyle Issues and Reconstructing One's Life | |
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| Redefining Relationships With Caregivers | |
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| Counseling Clients in the Terminal Phase | |
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| Discussing Death | |
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| Decisions in the Terminal Phase | |
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| Should the Person Enter a Hospice Program? | |
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| Ethical Issues at the End of Life | |
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| Tasks of the Terminal Phase | |
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| Dealing With Symptoms, Discomfort, Pain, and Incapacitation | |
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| Managing Health Procedures and Institutional Procedures | |
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| Managing Stress and Examining Coping | |
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| Dealing Effectively With Caregivers | |
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| Preparing for Death and Saying Good-Bye | |
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| Preserving Self-Concept | |
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| Preserving Relationships With Family and Friends | |
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| Ventilating Feelings and Fears | |
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| Finding Meaning in Life and Death | |
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| End-of-Life Phenomena | |
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| The Special Problem of the Comatose Person | |
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| As Death Approaches | |
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| Counseling Families During a Life-Threatening Illness | |
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| The Experience of Illness: A Family Perspective | |
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| Assessing Factors That Affect Family Reactions | |
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| Assessing Caregiving | |
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| Family Tasks Throughout the Illness | |
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| The Prediagnostic Phase | |
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| The Diagnostic Phase | |
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| The Chronic Phase | |
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| Marshalling Outside Support and Resources | |
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| Normalizing Life in the Face of Disease | |
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| Ventilating Feelings and Fear | |
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| Finding Meaning in Suffering Chronicity, Uncertainty, and Decline | |
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| Families and Recovery | |
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| The Terminal Phase | |
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| Coping With Caregivers and Institutions | |
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| Emotionally Restructuring Relationships With the Dying Person | |
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| Effectively Utilizing Resources | |
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| Dealing With One's Own Emotions and Grief | |
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| Understanding the Human Needs of the Dying Person | |
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| Maintaining Relationships With the Dying Member and Continuing to Incorporate the Dying Person Within the Family System | |
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| Realistically Planning for the Dying and Death of the Person | |
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| Planning for the Continuation of Family Life Throughout the Terminal Phase and After the Death | |
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| Finding Meaning in Life and Death | |
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| Supporting Families at the Time of Death | |
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| After the Death | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Appendix | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |