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| Conflict and Resolution in Federal Budgeting | |
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| Conflict | |
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| Resolution | |
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| The Two Worlds of Budgeting | |
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| The Evolution of Federal Budgeting: From Surplus to Deficit to Surplus | |
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| Legislative Dominance: 1789-1921 | |
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| Presidential Dominance: 1921-74 | |
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| Congress versus the President: 1974-2000 | |
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| How the Budget Was Balanced | |
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| Overview of the Annual Budget Cycle | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Budget's Shifting Boundaries | |
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| Receipts, Budgetary Resources, and Outlays | |
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| Scope of the Budget | |
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| Measuring the Budget | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Political Rules and Arithmetic of Budgeting | |
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| Budget Enforcement Rules | |
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| Discretionary and Direct Spending | |
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| The Politics of Budgetary Arithmetic | |
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| Baseline Projections | |
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| The Politics of Scoring | |
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| Economic Arithmetic | |
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| When Politics Meets Economics | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The President's Budget | |
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| Presidential Roles and Styles | |
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| Changes in Presidential Budgeting | |
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| Formulating the President's Budget | |
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| The Office of Management and Budget | |
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| The President's Budget in Congress | |
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| The Veto Power | |
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| Information in the President's Budget | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Congressional Budget Process | |
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| Why Congress Has a Budget Resolution | |
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| Structure and Content of the Budget Resolution | |
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| Formulating the Budget Resolution | |
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| Floor Action | |
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| Why the Resolution Is Rarely Adopted on Schedule | |
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| The Reconciliation Process | |
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| Enforcing Congressional Budget Decisions | |
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| Scoring and Scorekeeping | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Revenue Legislation | |
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| Revenue Legislation in Congress | |
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| PAYGO Rules | |
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| Impact of PAYGO on Congressional Behavior | |
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| Tax Expenditures | |
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| Rates versus Breaks: The 1980s versus the 1990s | |
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| Trends in Federal Revenue | |
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| Sources of Federal Revenue | |
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| Who Pays Federal Taxes? | |
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| User Charges | |
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| Offsetting Collections | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Authorizing Legislation | |
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| Types of Authorizing Legislation | |
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| Authorizing Legislation in Congress | |
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| The Relationship of Authorizations and Appropriations | |
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| Direct Spending Legislation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Appropriations Process | |
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| Types of Appropriations Acts | |
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| Tradition and Change | |
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| The Appropriations Committees and Their Subcommittees | |
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| Procedures and Politics of Committee Action | |
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| Procedures and Politics of House and Senate Action | |
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| Supplemental and Continuing Appropriations | |
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| Structure and Content of Appropriations Measures | |
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| Legislation and Limitations in Appropriations Acts | |
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| Interpreting Appropriations Measures | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Managing Federal Expenditures | |
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| Spending Budget Resources | |
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| Managing Agency Finances | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Self-Correcting Budget Process | |
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| The Adequacy of Budget Controls | |
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| The Future of Self-Correction | |
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| Improving Self-Correction | |
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| Federal Budget--Related Internet Sites | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |