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| Figures | |
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| Preface to the Fourth Edition | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Research Problem Indentification | |
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| Selecting a Research Problem | |
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| Definitions of Research | |
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| Research Concepts | |
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| Categories of Music-Education Research | |
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| Expansion of Degree Programs | |
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| Common Ways of Obtaining Research Topic Information | |
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| Selection of a Topic | |
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| The Scientific Method | |
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| Reflective Thinking | |
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| Initial Considerations in the Selection of Appropriate Literature | |
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| Formulating the Research Problem | |
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| Efficient Library Use | |
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| Obtaining Items from Other Libraries | |
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| Photocopying Materials | |
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| Resource Materials | |
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| Reference Materials for Music Education | |
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| Problems for Review and Discussion | |
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| Supplementary Sources | |
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| Writing the Research Proposal and the Research Document | |
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| The Research Process | |
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| The Research Proposal | |
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| Title | |
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| Problem Statement | |
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| Subproblems | |
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| Definition of Terms | |
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| Delimitations | |
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| Procedures | |
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| Need for the Study | |
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| Organization of the Study | |
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| Related Literature | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Vita | |
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| Research Document | |
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| What Was Done | |
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| What Was Found | |
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| What It Means | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Other Concerns | |
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| Chapter and Other Headings | |
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| Problems for Review and Discussion | |
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| Supplementary Sources | |
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| The Research Methodologies--Concepts and Techniques | |
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| Philosophical Inquiry: Concepts and Techniques | |
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| Purposes of Philosophical Inquiry | |
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| Realism as a Philosophical Basis for Research | |
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| The Philosophical Roots of Realism | |
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| Logical Positivism | |
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| Logic as a Tool in Philosophical Inquiry | |
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| Rationalism | |
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| Current Realist Philosophies of Science | |
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| A Middle Ground Continued: The Antirealist "Social Constructionists" in Science | |
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| Historical Relativism | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Problems for Review and Discussion | |
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| Supplementary Sources | |
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| Aesthetic Inquiry: Concepts and Techniques | |
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| Four Approaches to Aesthetic Inquiry | |
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| Formalist | |
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| Psychological | |
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| Phenomenological | |
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| Institutionalism | |
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| The Aesthetic Object and the Art Object | |
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| Aesthetic Inquiry and Musical Significance | |
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| Leonard B. Meyer's Formalism | |
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| Edmund Husserl's Descriptive Phenomenology | |
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| The Phenomenological Reduction | |
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| A Phenomenological Account of Time | |
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| Martin Heidegger's Interpretive Phenomenology | |
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| An Eclectic Method for Aesthetic Inquiry into Music | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Problems for Review and Discussion | |
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| Supplementary Sources | |
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| Qualitative Research: Concepts and Techniques | |
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| The Researcher as Instrument | |
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| Strategies for Field Research | |
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| Participant Observation | |
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| Interview | |
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| Key Informant Interviewing | |
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| Career or Life Histories | |
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| Surveys | |
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| Interview Techniques and Guidelines | |
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| Preparing for the Interview | |
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| Performing an Interview | |
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| Interview Guidelines to Remember | |
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| Data Analysis | |
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| Drawing Conclusions | |
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| Qualitative Evaluation | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Problems for Review and Discussion | |
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| Supplementary Sources | |
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| Concepts of Quantifying Research Data | |
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| Variables | |
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| Independent and Dependent Variables | |
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| Populations and Samples | |
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| Sampling | |
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| Volunteers as a Sample | |
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| Matching Subjects | |
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| Random Assignment | |
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| Size of Sample | |
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| Scores and Observations: Measuring Variables | |
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| Types of Data | |
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| Tests | |
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| Norm-referenced Tests | |
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| Domain-referenced Tests | |
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| Standardized Tests | |
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| Validity | |
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| Reliability | |
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| Selecting Tests | |
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| Basic Statistics | |
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| Kinds of Statistics | |
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| Descriptive Statistics | |
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| Measures of Relationships | |
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| Tests for Differences | |
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| Probability | |
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| Significant Differences | |
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| Summary | |
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| Problems for Review and Discussion | |
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| Supplementary Sources | |
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| Descriptive Research: Concepts and Techniques | |
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| Purposes of Descriptive Research | |
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| Kinds of Descriptive Research | |
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| Survey Studies | |
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| Relationship Studies | |
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| Significant Correlations | |
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| Development Studies | |
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| Combined Studies | |
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| Tools of Descriptive Research | |
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| Questionnaire | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Sampling | |
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| Developing the Items | |
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| Constructing the Questionnaire | |
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| Pretesting | |
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| The Cover Letter | |
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| Follow-ups | |
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| Delphi Technique | |
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| Opinionnaire | |
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| Interview | |
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| Rating Scale | |
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| Observation | |
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| Standardized Tests | |
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| Case Studies and Ethnographic Research | |
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| Problems for Review and Discussion | |
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| Supplementary Sources | |
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| Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Research: Concepts and Techniques | |
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| Concepts of Experimental Research | |
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| Hypothesis | |
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| Validity | |
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| Internal Validity | |
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| External Validity | |
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| Experimental Designs | |
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| Pilot Study | |
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| True Experimental Designs | |
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| Quasi-Experimental Designs | |
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| Identification of Quasi-Experimental Designs | |
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| Factorial Designs | |
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| Inferential Statistics: Concepts | |
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| Parametric Tests | |
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| t-tests | |
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| Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) | |
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| Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) | |
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| Multiple Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) | |
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| Nonparametric Tests | |
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| Chi-Square | |
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| Mann-Whitney U-Test | |
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| Kruskal-Wallis Test | |
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| Problems for Review and Discussion | |
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| Supplementary Sources | |
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| Historical Research: Concepts and Techniques | |
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| Newer Historical Research Approaches | |
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| Narrative or Chronological History | |
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| Historical Research Procedures | |
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| Probability | |
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| Source Materials | |
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| Selection of Topic | |
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| Oral History | |
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| Historical Research Data Gathering | |
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| External Criticism or Authenticity | |
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| Internal Criticism or Credibility | |
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| Problems for Review and Discussion | |
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| Supplementary Sources | |
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| Music Education Research--a Glimpse Into the Future | |
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| What Does the Future Hold for Music-Education Research? | |
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| Problems for Review and Discussion | |
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| Supplementary Sources | |
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| Notes | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Authors | |