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The Human Body: An Orientation | |
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An Overview of Anatomy and Physiology | |
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Anatomy | |
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Physiology | |
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Levels of Structural Organization | |
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From Atoms to Organisms | |
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Organ System Overview | |
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Maintaining Life | |
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Necessary Life Functions | |
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Survival Needs | |
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Homeostasis | |
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Homeostatic Control Mechanisms | |
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Homeostatic Imbalance | |
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The Language of Anatomy | |
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Anatomical Positions and Directional Terms | |
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Regional Terms | |
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Body Planes and Sections | |
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Body Cavities | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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Focus on Careers: Dental Hygienist | |
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Basic Chemistry | |
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Concepts of Matter and Energy | |
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Matter | |
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Energy | |
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Composition of Matter | |
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Elements and Atoms | |
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Atomic Structure | |
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Identifying Elements | |
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Molecules and Compounds | |
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Chemical Bonds and Chemical Reactions | |
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Bond Formation | |
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Patterns of Chemical Reactions | |
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Biochemistry: The Chemical Composition of Living Matter | |
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Inorganic Compounds | |
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Organic Compounds | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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A Closer Look Medical Imaging: Illuminating the Body | |
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Cells and Tissues | |
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Cells | |
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Overview of the Cellular Basis of Life | |
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Anatomy of a Generalized Cell | |
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The Nucleus | |
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The Plasma Membrane | |
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The Cytoplasm | |
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Cell Physiology | |
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Membrane Transport | |
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Cell Division | |
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Protein Synthesis | |
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Body Tissues | |
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Epithelial Tissue | |
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Special Characteristics of Epithelium | |
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Classification of Epithelium | |
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Connective Tissue | |
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Common Characteristics of Connective Tissue | |
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Types of Connective Tissue | |
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Muscle Tissue | |
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Types of Muscle Tissue | |
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Nervous Tissue | |
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Tissue Repair (Wound Healing) | |
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Developmental Aspects of Cells and Tissues | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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A Closer Look IV Therapy and Cellular "Tonics" | |
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A Closer Look Cancer--The Intimate Enemy | |
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Focus on Careers: Medical Transcriptionist | |
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Skin and Body Membranes | |
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Classification of Body Membranes | |
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Epithelial Membranes | |
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Connective Tissues Membranes | |
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Integumentary System (Skin) | |
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Basic Skin Functions | |
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Structure of the Skin | |
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Skin Color | |
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Appendages of the Skin | |
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Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin | |
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Developmental Aspects of Skin and Body Membranes | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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A Closer Look Vampires and Touch-Me-Nots | |
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Systems in Sync | |
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The Skeletal System | |
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Bones: An Overview | |
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Functions of the Bones | |
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Classification of Bones | |
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Structure of a Long Bone | |
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Bone Formation, Growth, and Remodeling | |
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Bone Fractures | |
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Axial Skeleton | |
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Skull | |
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Vertebral Column (Spine) | |
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Bony Thorax | |
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Appendicular Skeleton | |
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Bones of the Shoulder Girdle | |
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Bones of the Upper Limbs | |
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Bones of the Pelvic Girdle | |
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Bones of the Lower Limbs | |
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Joints | |
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Fibrous Joints | |
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Cartilaginous Joints | |
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Synovial Joints | |
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Inflammatory Disorders of Joints | |
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Developmental Aspects of the Skeleton | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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A Closer Look Protect Your Back--It's the Only One You've Got! | |
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A Closer Look Surface Anatomy--Exploring Yourself | |
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Systems in Sync | |
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The Muscular System | |
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Overview of Muscle Tissues | |
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Muscle Types | |
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Muscle Functions | |
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Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle | |
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Skeletal Muscle Activity | |
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Stimulation and Contraction of Single Skeletal Muscle Cells | |
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Contraction of a Skeletal Muscle as a Whole | |
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Muscle Movements, Types, and Names | |
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Types of Body Movements | |
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Types of Muscles | |
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Naming Skeletal Muscles | |
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Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles | |
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Head Muscles | |
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Truck and Neck Muscles | |
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Muscles of Upper Limb | |
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Muscles of the Lower Limb | |
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Developmental Aspects of the Muscular System | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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A Closer Look Athletes Looking Good--Doing Better with Anabolic Steroids? | |
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Focus on Careers: Massage Therapist | |
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Systems in Sync | |
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The Nervous System | |
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Organization of the Nervous System | |
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Structural Classification | |
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Functional Classification | |
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Nervous Tissue: Structure and Function | |
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Supporting Cells | |
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Neurons | |
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Central Nervous System | |
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Functional Anatomy of the Brain | |
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Protection of the Central Nervous System | |
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Brain Dysfunctions | |
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Spinal Cord | |
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Peripheral Nervous System | |
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Structure of a Nerve | |
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Cranial Nerves | |
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Spinal Nerves and Nerve Plexuses | |
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Autonomic Nervous System | |
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Developmental Aspects of the Nervous System | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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A Closer Look Pleasure Me! Pleasure Me! | |
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A Closer Look Tracking Down CNS Problems | |
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Systems in Sync | |
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Special Senses | |
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The Eye and Vision | |
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Anatomy of the Eye | |
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Pathway of Light through the Eye and Light Refraction | |
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Visual Fields and Visual Pathways to the Brain | |
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Eye Reflexes | |
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The Ear: Hearing and Balance | |
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Anatomy of the Ear | |
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Mechanism of Hearing | |
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Mechanisms of Equilibrium | |
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Hearing and Equilibrium Deficits | |
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Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell | |
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Olfactory Receptors and the Sense of Smell | |
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Taste Buds and the Sense of Taste | |
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Developmental Aspects of the Special Senses | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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A Closer Look Visual Pigments--The Actual Photoreceptors | |
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A Closer Look If I Can't See Things Far Away, Am I Nearsighted or Farsighted? | |
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The Endocrine System | |
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The Endocrine System and Hormone Function--An Overview | |
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The Chemistry of Hormones | |
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Mechanisms of Hormone Action | |
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Control of Hormone Release | |
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The Major Endocrine Organs | |
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Pituitary Gland | |
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Thyroid Gland | |
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Parathyroid Glands | |
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Adrenal Glands | |
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Pancreatic Islets | |
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Pineal Gland | |
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Thymus | |
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Gonads | |
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Other Hormone-Producing Tissues and Organs | |
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Placenta | |
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Developmental Aspects of the Endocrine System | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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A Closer Look Sunlight and the Clock Within | |
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Systems in Sync | |
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Blood | |
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Composition and Functions of Blood | |
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Components | |
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Physical Characteristics, and Volume | |
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Plasma | |
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Formed Elements | |
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Hematopoiesis (Blood Cell Formation) | |
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Hemostasis | |
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Disorders of Hemostasis | |
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Blood Groups and Transfusions | |
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Human Blood Groups | |
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Blood Typing | |
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Developmental Aspects of Blood | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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A Closer Look Concocting Blood: Artificial Blood Substitutes | |
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Focus on Careers: Phlebotomy Technician | |
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The Cardiovascular System | |
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Cardiovascular System: The Heart | |
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Anatomy of the Heart | |
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Physiology of the Heart | |
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Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels | |
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Microscopic Anatomy of Blood Vessels | |
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Gross Anatomy of Blood Vessels | |
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Physiology of Circulation | |
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Developmental Aspects of the Cardiovascular System | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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A Closer Look Atherosclerosis? Get Out the Cardiovascular Drano! | |
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A Closer Look Electrocardiography: (Don't) Be Still My Heart | |
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Focus on Careers: Certified Surgical Technologist (CST) | |
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Systems in Sync | |
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The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses | |
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Lymphatic System | |
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Lymphatic Vessels | |
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Lymph Nodes | |
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Other Lymphoid Organs | |
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Body Defenses | |
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Nonspecific Body Defenses | |
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Surface Membrane Barriers | |
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Cells and Chemicals | |
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Specific Body Defenses: The Immune System | |
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Antigens | |
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Cells of the Immune System: An Overview | |
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Humoral (Antibody-Mediated) Immune Response | |
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Cellular (Cell-Mediated) Immune Response | |
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Organ Transplants and Rejection | |
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Disorders of Immunity | |
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Developmental Aspects of the Lymphatic System and Body Defenses | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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A Closer Look AIDS: The Plague of the Twentieth Century | |
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Systems in Sync | |
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The Respiratory System | |
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Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory System | |
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The Nose | |
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Pharynx | |
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Larynx | |
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Trachea | |
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Primary Bronchi | |
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Lungs | |
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Respiratory Physiology | |
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Mechanics of Breathing | |
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Respiratory Volumes and Capacities | |
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Respiratory Sounds | |
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External Respiration, Gas Transport, and Internal Respiration | |
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Control of Respiration | |
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Respiratory Disorders | |
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | |
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Lung Cancer | |
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Developmental Aspects of the Respiratory System | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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A Closer Look Dangerous Raptures of the Deep | |
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Focus on Careers: Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) | |
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Systems in Sync | |
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The Digestive System and Body Metabolism | |
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Anatomy of the Digestive System | |
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Organs of the Alimentary Canal | |
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Accessory Digestive Organs | |
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Functions of the Digestive System | |
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Overview of the Gastrointestinal Processes and Controls | |
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Activities Occurring in the Mouth, Pharynx, and Esophagus | |
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Activities of the Stomach | |
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Activities of the Small Intestine | |
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Activities of the Large Intestine | |
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Nutrition and Metabolism | |
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Nutrition | |
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Metabolism | |
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Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Metabolism in Body Cells | |
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The Central Role of the Liver in Metabolism | |
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Body Energy Balance | |
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Developmental Aspects of the Digestive System and Metabolism | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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A Closer Look Peptic Ulcers: "Something Is Eating at Me" | |
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A Closer Look Obesity: Magical Solution Wanted | |
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Systems in Sync | |
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The Urinary System | |
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Kidneys | |
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Location and Structure | |
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Nephrons and Urine Formation | |
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Control of Blood Composition by the Kidneys | |
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Characteristics of Urine | |
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Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra | |
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Ureters | |
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Urinary Bladder | |
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Urethra | |
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Micturition | |
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Developmental Aspects of the Urinary System | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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A Closer Look Renal Failure and the Artificial Kidney | |
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Systems in Sync | |
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The Reproductive System | |
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Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System | |
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Testes | |
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Duct System | |
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Accessory Glands and Semen | |
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External Genitalia | |
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Male Reproductive Functions | |
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Spermatogenesis | |
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Testosterone Production | |
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Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System | |
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Ovaries | |
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Duct System | |
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External Genitalia | |
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Female Reproductive Functions and Cycles | |
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Oogenesis and the Ovarian Cycle | |
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Menstrual Cycle | |
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Hormone Production by the Ovaries | |
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Mammary Glands | |
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Survey of Pregnancy and Embryonic Development | |
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Accomplishing Fertilization | |
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Events of Embryonic and Fetal Development | |
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Effects of Pregnancy on the Mother | |
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Childbirth | |
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Developmental Aspects of the Reproductive System | |
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Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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At the Clinic | |
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A Closer Look Contraception: To Be or Not To Be | |
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Focus on Careers: Doula | |
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Systems in Sync | |
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Appendixes | |
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Word Roots, Prefixes, and Suffixes | |
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Periodic Table | |
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Key Information about Vitamins and Many Essential Minerals | |
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A.D.A.M. Correlations | |
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Photography and Art Credits | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |