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| Preface to the Third Edition | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Toward a Theory of Human Rights | |
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| The Concept of Human Rights | |
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| How Rights Work | |
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| Special Features of Human Rights | |
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| Human Nature and Human Rights | |
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| Human Rights and Related Practices | |
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| Analytic and Substantive Theories | |
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| The Failure of Foundational Appeals | |
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| Coping with Contentious Foundations | |
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| The Universal Declaration Model | |
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| The Universal Declaration | |
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| The Universal Declaration Model | |
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| Human Dignity and Human Rights | |
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| Individual Rights | |
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| Interdependence and Indivisibility | |
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| The State and International Human Rights | |
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| Respecting, Protecting, and Providing Human Rights | |
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| Realizing Human Rights and Human Dignity | |
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| Economic Rights and Group Rights | |
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| The Status of Economic and Social Rights | |
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| Group Rights and Human Rights | |
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| Equal Concern and Respect | |
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| Hegemony and Settled Norms | |
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| An Overlapping Consensus on International Human Rights | |
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| Moral Theory, Political Theory, and Human Rights | |
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| Equal Concern and Respect | |
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| Toward a Liberal Theory of Human Rights | |
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| Consensus: Overlapping but Bounded | |
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| The Universality and Relativity of Human Rights | |
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| A Brief History of Human Rights | |
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| Politics and Justice in the Premodern Non-Western World | |
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| The Premodern West | |
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| The Modern Invention of Human Rights | |
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| The American and French Revolutions | |
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| Approaching the Universal Declaration | |
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| Expanding the Subjects and Substance of Human Rights | |
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| The Relative Universality of Human Rights | |
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| "Universal" and "Relative" | |
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| The Universality of Internationally Recognized Human Rights | |
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| Three Levels of Universality and Particularity | |
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| Relative Universality: A Multidimensional Perspective | |
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| Universality in a World of Particularities | |
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| Culture and the Relativity of Human Rights | |
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| Advocating Universality in a World of Particularities | |
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| Human Rights and Human Dignity | |
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| Dignity: Particularistic and Universalistic Conceptions in the West | |
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| Dignitas: The Roman Roots of Dignity | |
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| Biblical Conceptions: Kavod and Imago Dei | |
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| Kant | |
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| Rights and Dignity in the West | |
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| Dignity and the Foundations of Human Rights | |
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| Humanity, Dignity, and Politics in Confucian China | |
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| Cosmology and Ethics | |
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| Confucians and the Early Empires | |
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| "Neo-Confucianism" and Song Imperial Rule | |
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| Twentieth-Century Encounters with "Rights" | |
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| Human Rights and Asian Values | |
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| Humans and Society in Hindu South Asia | |
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| Cosmology | |
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| Social Philosophy | |
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| Caste | |
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| Hindu Universalism | |
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| Opposition to Caste Discrimination | |
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| Hinduism and Human Rights in Contemporary India | |
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| Human Rights and International Action | |
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| International Human Rights Regimes | |
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| The Global Human Rights Regime | |
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| Political Foundations of the Global Regime | |
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| Regional Human Rights Regimes | |
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| Single-Issue Human Rights Regimes | |
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| Assessing Multilateral Human Rights Mechanisms | |
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| The Evolution of Human Rights Regimes | |
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| Human Rights and Foreign Policy | |
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| Human Rights and the National Interest | |
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| International Human Rights and National Identity | |
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| Means and Mechanisms of Bilateral Action | |
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| The Aims of Human Rights Policy | |
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| Foreign Policy and Human Rights Policy | |
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| The Limits of International Action | |
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| Appendix: Arguments against International Human Rights Policies | |
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| Contemporary Issues | |
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| Human Rights, Democracy, and Development | |
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| The Contemporary Language of Legitimacy | |
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| Defining Democracy | |
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| Democracy and Human Rights | |
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| Defining Development | |
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| Development-Rights Tradeoffs | |
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| Development and Civil and Political Rights | |
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| Markets and Economic and Social Rights | |
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| The Liberal Democratic Welfare State | |
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| The West and Economic and Social Rights | |
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| The Universal Declaration of Human Rights | |
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| Domestic Western Practice | |
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| The International Human Rights Covenants | |
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| Functional and Regional Organizations | |
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| Further Evidence of Western Support | |
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| Understanding the Sources of the Myth | |
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| Why Does It Matter? | |
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| Humanitarian Intervention against Genocide | |
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| Intervention and International Law | |
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| Humanitarian Intervention and International Law | |
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| The Moral Standing of the State | |
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| Politics, Partisanship, and International Order | |
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| Changing Conceptions of Security and Sovereignty | |
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| Justifying the Anti-genocide Norm | |
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| Changing Legal Practices | |
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| "Justifying" Humanitarian Intervention | |
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| Mixed Motives and Consistency | |
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| Politics and the Authority to Intervene | |
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| Judging the Kosovo Intervention | |
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| Darfur and the Future of Humanitarian Intervention | |
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| Nondiscrimination for All: The Case of Sexual Minorities | |
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| The Right to Nondiscrimination | |
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| Nondiscrimination and Political Struggle | |
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| Discrimination against Sexual Minorities | |
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| Nature, (Im)morality, and Public Morals | |
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| Strategies for Inclusion | |
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| Paths of Incremental Change | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |