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| List of Figures | |
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| Preface | |
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| Christianity in Its Social Environment | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Explaining the Expansion of Early Christianity | |
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| Ideological Explanations | |
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| Sociological Explanations | |
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| The Ancient Church as Family: A Road Map for the Following Chapters | |
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| Mediterranean Family Systems: Structure and Relationships | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Kinship Then and Now: How Family Is Defined | |
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| The Patrilineal Descent Group: Relational Strategies and Values | |
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| Marriage in Ancient Mediterranean Society | |
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| Women in the PKG Family System | |
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| Patrilocal Residence and the Family as a Producing Unit | |
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| Mothers and Sons | |
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| Sibling Solidarity: The Central Relational Priority | |
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| Ancestors and Inheritance | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Origins of the Surrogate Kin Group Idea | |
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| Origins of the Early Christian Surrogate Family Model | |
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| The People of God in the Hebrew Scriptures | |
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| The People of God as Understood among Second Temple Judeans | |
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| The People of God according to Jesus of Nazareth | |
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| The Distinctive Nature of Jesus' Perspective | |
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| The Dominance of the Kinship Metaphor | |
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| The Practice of PKG Solidarity | |
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| A Radical Change of Loyalties | |
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| The Community at Khirbet Qumran: A Comparison | |
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| The Dominance of the Kinship Metaphor | |
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| The Practice of PKG Solidarity | |
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| A Radical Change of Loyalties | |
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| God as Father of the Community | |
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| Orientation toward Outsiders | |
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| The Communities of Paul of Tarsus | |
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| Language and the Social Order | |
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| Corinthians | |
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| Discord in the Corinthian Community | |
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| Paul's Rhetorical Strategy | |
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| Family Terminology in 1 Corinthians | |
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| Generalized Reciprocity | |
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| Familial Loyalty | |
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| Corinthians | |
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| Family Language in 2 Corinthians | |
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| Paul's Collection for the Jerusalem Community | |
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| Romans | |
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| Philemon | |
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| Galatians, 1 Thessalonians, and Philippians | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Second-Century Christian Writers | |
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| Clement of Rome | |
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| Family Language in 1 Clement | |
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| Family Activity in 1 Clement | |
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| Innovation in Clement's Use of the Family Metaphor | |
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| Ignatius of Antioch | |
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| Ignatius's Use of Family Language | |
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| Family Activity in the Ignatian Epistles | |
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| Innovation in the Ignatian Corpus | |
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| Justin Martyr | |
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| Kinship Terminology in Justin's Writings | |
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| Justin and Family Behavior | |
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| Innovation in Justin's Use of Father and Sibling Language | |
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| Clement of Alexandria | |
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| Irenaeus | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| North African Christianity | |
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| Passion of Perpetua | |
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| Tertullian | |
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| Tertullian on Family Loyalty | |
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| Harmony among Siblings | |
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| Tertullian and Generalized Reciprocity | |
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| Cyprian | |
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| Examination of Specific Epistles | |
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| Survey of Cyprian's Other Works | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Summary and Evaluation | |
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| The Mediterranean Family Model | |
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| The Highly Corporate Nature of the Ancient Family | |
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| The Priority of the Sibling Bond | |
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| The Church as a Family | |
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| Family as Rhetoric | |
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| Family as Praxis | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| Notes | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index of Ancient Sources | |