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| History of Echocardiography | |
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| Development of Various Echocardiographic Technologies | |
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| Recording Echocardiograms | |
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| Cardiac Sonographers | |
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| Echocardiographic Education and Organizations | |
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| References | |
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| Physics and Instrumentation | |
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| Physical Principles | |
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| Interaction Between Ultrasound and Tissue | |
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| The Transducer | |
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| Manipulating the Ultrasound Beam | |
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| Resolution | |
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| Creating the Image | |
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| Transmitting Ultrasound Energy | |
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| Display Options | |
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| Tradeoffs in Image Creation | |
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| Signal Processing | |
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| Tissue Harmonic Imaging | |
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| Artifacts | |
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| Doppler Echocardiography | |
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| Biologic Effects of Ultrasound | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Specialized Echocardiographic Techniques and Methods | |
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| Imaging Devices and Methods | |
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| Doppler Interrogation | |
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| Doppler Tissue Imaging | |
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| Speckle Tracking | |
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| Tissue Characterization | |
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| Acquisition of Cardiac Ultrasound Information | |
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| The Digital Echo Laboratory | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Contrast Echocardiography | |
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| Source of Ultrasound Contrast | |
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| Contrast Agents | |
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| Clinical Use | |
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| Ultrasound Interaction with Contrast Agents | |
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| Detection Methods | |
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| Contrast Artifacts | |
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| Detection and Utilization of Intracavitary Contrast | |
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| Detection of Miscellaneous Conditions | |
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| Myocardial Perfusion Contrast Echocardiography | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| The Echocardiographic Examination | |
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| Selecting the Transducers | |
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| Patient Position | |
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| Placement of the Transducer | |
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| An Approach to the Transthoracic Examination | |
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| Parasternal Long-Axis Views | |
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| Parasternal Short-Axis Views | |
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| Apical Views | |
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| The Subcostal Examination | |
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| Suprasternal Views | |
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| Orientation of Two-Dimensional Images | |
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| Echocardiographic Measurements | |
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| Left Ventricular Wall Segments | |
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| M-Mode Examination | |
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| Transesophageal Echocardiography | |
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| Transesophageal Echocardiographic Views | |
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| Echocardiography as a Screening Test | |
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| Training in Echocardiography | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Evaluation of Systolic Function of the Left Ventricle | |
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| General Principles | |
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| Linear Measurements | |
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| Two-dimensional Measurements | |
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| Regional Left Ventricular Function | |
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| Doppler Evaluation of Global Left Ventricular Function | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function | |
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| Normal Diastolic Function | |
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| Stages of Diastolic Dysfunction | |
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| Echo-Doppler Parameters of Diastolic Function | |
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| A Comprehensive Approach to Diastolic Dysfunction | |
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| Estimating Left Ventricular Filling Pressures | |
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| Stress Testing to Assess Diastolic Function | |
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| The Differential Diagnosis of Heart Failure with Normal Ejection Fraction | |
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| Evaluation of Diastolic Dysfunction in Specific Patient Groups | |
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| Prognosis in Patients with Diastolic Dysfunction | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Left and Right Atrium, and Right Ventricle | |
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| Left Atrium | |
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| Atrial Septum | |
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| Pulmonary Veins | |
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| Right Atrium | |
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| Right Ventricle | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Hemodynamics | |
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| Use of M-Mode and Two-Dimensional Echocardiography | |
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| Quantifying Blood Flow | |
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| Clinical Application of Blood Flow Measurement | |
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| Measuring Pressure Gradients | |
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| Applications of the Bernoulli Equation | |
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| Determining Pressure Half-Time | |
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| The Continuity Equation | |
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| Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area | |
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| Abbreviated Table of Contents | |