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| Preface | |
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| Skeletal Muscle Anatomy | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Educational Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Muscle Development | |
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| Development of Specific Muscle Fiber Types | |
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| Skeletal Muscle Cell Microstructure | |
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| Studies of Muscle Filament and Sarcomere Structure | |
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| Satellite Cells: Reserves for Injury and Repair | |
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| Whole Skeletal Muscle Structure | |
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| Architecture of Human Skeletal Muscles | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Skeletal Muscle Physiology | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Educational Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Excitation-Contraction Coupling | |
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| Temporal Summation | |
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| Length-Tension Relationship: Isometric Muscle Contraction | |
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| Force-Velocity Relationship: Isotonic Muscle Contraction | |
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| Length-Tension-Velocity Relationship | |
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| The Cross-Bridge Cycle | |
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| Mechanical Properties of Muscles with Different Architectures | |
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| Muscle Fiber Types | |
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| Methods for Typing Muscle Fibers | |
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| Other Muscle Fiber Classification Schemes | |
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| Physiologic Properties of Muscle Fiber Types | |
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| Morphologic Properties of Different Muscle Fiber Types | |
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| The Motor Unit | |
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| Motor Unit Recruitment | |
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| Human Voluntary Motor Unit Recruitment | |
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| Physiologic Basis of Fatigue | |
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| The Electromyogram | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| References | |
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| The Production of Movement | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Educational Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Muscle-Tendon Interaction | |
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| Joint Moments | |
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| Muscle-Joint Interaction During Isometric Torque Production | |
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| Physiological Range of Motion | |
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| Isokinetic Dynamometers Used in Physical Assessment | |
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| The Gait Cycle | |
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| Biomechanics of Biarticular Muscles | |
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| Gait Cycle Timing at Increased Velocities | |
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| Energy Expenditure During Gait | |
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| Muscles as Springs | |
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| Direct Force and Length Measurements During Locomotion | |
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| Implications for Physical Therapy | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Increased Use | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Educational Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Adaptation to Chronic Electrical Stimulation | |
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| Adaptation to Chronic Stretch | |
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| Adaptation to Compensatory Hypertrophy | |
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| Adaptation to Intermittent Electrical Stimulation | |
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| Adaptation to Exercise | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Skeletal Muscle Adaptation to Decreased Use | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Educational Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Adaptation to Immobilization | |
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| Remobilization After Immobilization | |
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| Adaptation to Spinal Cord Transection | |
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| Adaptation to Hindlimb Unloading | |
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| Mechanism of Muscle Fiber Atrophy | |
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| Adaptation to Aging | |
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| Adaptation to Tenotomy | |
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| Adaptation to Denervation | |
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| Muscle Fiber Specificity to Reinnervation | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Skeletal Muscle Response to Injury | |
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| Chapter Overview | |
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| Educational Objectives | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Morphology of the Degeneration-Regeneration Cycle | |
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| Muscle Properties After Regeneration | |
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| Clinical Application to Muscular Dystrophy | |
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| Muscle Response to Exercise-Induced Injury | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| References | |