Preface | p. xi |
About Art Criticism | p. 1 |
Defining Criticism | p. 2 |
Sources of Criticism | p. 4 |
Kinds of Criticism | p. 5 |
The Backgrounds of Critics | p. 7 |
Stances Toward Criticism | p. 8 |
Relations Between Critics and Artists | p. 10 |
Criticizing Criticism | p. 11 |
The Value of Criticism | p. 13 |
Describing Photographs | p. 15 |
Defining Description | p. 15 |
Descriptions of Avedon's "In the American West" | p. 16 |
Describing Subject Matter | p. 20 |
Describing Form | p. 26 |
Describing Medium | p. 28 |
Describing Style | p. 31 |
Comparing and Contrasting | p. 31 |
Internal and External Sources of Information | p. 32 |
Description and Interpretation | p. 34 |
Description and Evaluation | p. 34 |
The Importance of Description to Readers | p. 35 |
Interpreting Photographs | p. 36 |
Defining Interpretation | p. 37 |
The Objects of Interpretations | p. 39 |
Interpretive Claims and Arguments | p. 41 |
Interpretive Perspectives | p. 42 |
Three Interpretations of Eleanor | p. 42 |
Other Interpretive Strategies | p. 45 |
Combinations of Interpretive Approaches | p. 48 |
"Right" Interpretations | p. 48 |
Interpretations and the Artist's Intent | p. 50 |
Interpretations and Feelings | p. 51 |
Interpretation, Meaning, and Personal Significance | p. 52 |
The Community of Interpreters | p. 52 |
Types of Photographs | p. 53 |
Categories of Photographs | p. 54 |
New Categories | p. 56 |
Descriptive Photographs | p. 58 |
Fxplanatory Photographs | p. 61 |
Interpretive Photographs | p. 70 |
Ethically Evaluative Photographs | p. 76 |
Aesthetically Evaluative Photographs | p. 82 |
Theoretical Photographs | p. 91 |
Photographs and Contexts | p. 96 |
Internal Context | p. 96 |
Original Context | p. 97 |
External Context | p. 99 |
External Contexts and Connotations | p. 101 |
Interpreting Barbara Kruger's Untitled ("Surveillance"), with Contextual Information | p. 103 |
"Surveillance" and Internal Context | p. 105 |
"Surveillance" and Original Context | p. 105 |
"Surveillance" and External Context | p. 109 |
Barbara Kruger's Untitled ("Surveillance"), and the Categories | p. 111 |
Descriptive Photographs | p. 112 |
Explanatory Photographs | p. 112 |
Interpretive Photographs | p. 112 |
Ethically Evaluative PHotographs | p. 112 |
Aesthetically Evaluative Photographs | p. 113 |
Theoretical Photographs | p. 114 |
The Interpretive Process: A Summary | p. 114 |
Evaluating Photographs | p. 116 |
Examples of Judgments | p. 116 |
Judgments and Reasons | p. 117 |
Judgments and Criteria | p. 119 |
Different Criteria | p. 120 |
Realism | p. 120 |
Expressionism | p. 122 |
Formalism | p. 123 |
Instrumentalism | p. 124 |
Other Criteria | p. 126 |
Choosing Among Criteria | p. 126 |
Differing Judgments | p. 127 |
Judgments Are Arguments | p. 128 |
Reappraisals | p. 128 |
Judgments and Preferences | p. 128 |
Intentionalism and Judgments | p. 129 |
The Objects of Judgments | p. 130 |
Judgments of Robert Mapplethorpe's Photographs | p. 130 |
Hilton Kramer's and Grace Glueck's Views of Mapplethorpe's Work | p. 131 |
Other Critics' Views of Mapplethorpe's Work | p. 134 |
Conclusion | p. 138 |
Theory: Is It Art? | p. 140 |
Aesthetic Theory | p. 143 |
Theories and Critics | p. 144 |
Theories and Photographers | p. 145 |
Theories and Historians | p. 146 |
Theories and Curators | p. 146 |
A Survey of Theoretical Positions | p. 148 |
Realism and Conventionalism | p. 149 |
Modernism and Postmodernism | p. 155 |
Marxist Theory and Criticism | p. 162 |
Feminist Theory and Criticism | p. 163 |
Conclusion | p. 166 |
Writing and Talking About Photographs | p. 168 |
Writing About Photographs | p. 168 |
Observing the Work and Taking Notes | p. 168 |
An Interpretive Paper | p. 169 |
An Evaluative Paper | p. 171 |
The Process of Writing | p. 175 |
Talking About Photographs | p. 177 |
Discussions of Art in the Presence of the Artist | p. 178 |
Studio Critiques | p. 179 |
Notes | p. 183 |
Bibliography | p. 195 |
Index | p. 205 |
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