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| Foreword | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| Introduction to Electrical Control--The Development of Circuits | |
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| Transformers and Power Supplies | |
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| Control Transformers | |
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| Transformer Regulation | |
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| Temperature Rise in a Transformer | |
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| Operating Transformers in Parallel | |
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| Constant Voltage Regulators | |
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| Uninterruptible Power Systems | |
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| Fuses, Disconnect Switches, and Circuit Breakers | |
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| Protective Factors | |
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| Fuse Construction and Operation | |
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| Fuse Types | |
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| Peak Let-Thru Current (I[subscript p]) and Ampere Squared Seconds (I[superscript 2]t) | |
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| Voltage and Frequency Surges | |
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| Circuit Breaker Types | |
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| Programmable Motor Protection | |
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| Electrical Metering and Voltage Protection | |
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| Selecting Protective Devices | |
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| Control Units for Switching and Communication | |
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| Oil-Tight Units | |
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| Push-Button Switches | |
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| Selector Switches | |
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| Heavy-Duty Switches | |
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| Indicating Lights | |
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| General Information on Oil-Tight Units | |
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| Circuit Applications | |
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| Annunciators | |
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| Light-Emitting Diodes | |
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| Membrane Switches | |
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| Liquid Crystal Displays | |
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| Relays | |
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| Control Relays and Their Uses | |
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| Timing Relays | |
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| Latching Relays | |
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| Plug-In Relays | |
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| Contactors | |
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| Solenoids | |
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| Solenoid Action | |
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| Solenoid Force and Voltage | |
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| Low Voltage | |
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| Overvoltage | |
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| ac Solenoids on dc | |
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| dc Solenoids on ac | |
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| 50- and 60-Cycle Solenoids | |
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| Solenoid Temperature Rise | |
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| Circuit Applications | |
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| Variable Solenoids | |
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| Proportional Valves | |
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| Servo Valves | |
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| Types of Control | |
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| Open-Loop Control | |
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| Closed-Loop Control | |
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| Proportional Control | |
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| Proportional-Integral | |
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| Proportional-Integral-Derivative | |
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| Motion Control Devices | |
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| Importance of Position Indication and Control | |
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| Limit Switches--Mechanical | |
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| Limit Switch Symbols | |
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| Circuit Applications | |
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| Proximity Limit Switches | |
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| LED Indicators | |
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| Solid-State Outputs | |
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| Detection Range | |
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| Hysteresis | |
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| Attenuation Range | |
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| Speed | |
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| Magnet-Operated Limit Switch | |
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| Vane Switches | |
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| Linear Position Displacement Transducers | |
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| Angular Position Displacement Transducers | |
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| Use of ac Synchronous and dc Stepping Motors | |
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| Servo Positioning Control | |
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| Sensing Theory | |
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| Flow Sensors | |
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| Pressure Control | |
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| Importance of Pressure Indication and Control | |
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| Types of Pressure Switches | |
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| Circuit Applications | |
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| Temperature Control | |
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| Importance of Temperature Indication and Control | |
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| Selection of Temperature Controllers | |
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| Electronic Temperature Controller (Pyrometer) | |
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| Controller Outputs | |
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| Additional Terms | |
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| Temperature Switches (Thermostats) | |
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| Temperature Sensors | |
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| Circuit Applications | |
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| Time Control | |
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| Selected Operations | |
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| Types of Timers | |
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| Synchronous Motor-Driven Timers | |
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| Solid-State Timers | |
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| Circuit Applications | |
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| Count Control | |
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| Preset Electrical Impulses | |
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| Circuit Applications | |
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| Solid-State Counters | |
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| Control Circuits | |
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| Placement of Components in a Control Circuit | |
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| Control Circuit Examples | |
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| Motors | |
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| ac Motors--Theory of Operation | |
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| Polyphase Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors | |
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| Single-Phase Motors | |
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| Resistance Split-Phase Motors | |
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| Capacitor Start Motors | |
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| Permanent Split-Capacitor Motors | |
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| Shaded-Pole Motors | |
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| dc Motors | |
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| Brushless dc Motors | |
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| Motor Starters | |
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| Contacts and Overload Relays | |
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| Across-the-Line (Full-Voltage) Starters | |
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| Reversing Motor Starters | |
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| Multispeed Motor Starters | |
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| Additional Across-the-Line Starter Circuits | |
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| Reduced-Voltage Motor Starters | |
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| Solid-State Motor Starters | |
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| Starting Sequence | |
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| Introduction to Programmable Controllers | |
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| Primary Concepts in Solid-State Control | |
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| Introduction to Programmable Logic Controllers | |
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| Programmable Logic Controller Concepts | |
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| Input/Output (I/O) | |
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| Processor | |
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| Memory | |
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| Power Supplies | |
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| Programming | |
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| Examine On/Examine Off | |
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| Peripheral and Support Devices | |
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| Data Communication Highway | |
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| Converting from Relay Logic to PLC | |
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| PLC Application in Industry | |
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| Industrial Data Communications | |
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| Overview | |
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| Industrial Information Technology Architecture | |
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| Data Communications Network Concepts | |
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| Data Transmission | |
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| Industrial Data Highway | |
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| Network Topologies | |
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| Industrial Networks | |
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| Ethernet and the Information Highway | |
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| Transmission Media | |
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| Data Transfer Rate | |
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| Interference | |
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| Open Systems Versus Proprietary Systems | |
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| Network Layers | |
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| Typical Network Systems | |
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| Quality Control | |
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| Defining Quality and Quality Control | |
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| Electrical and Electronic Circuits Used in Quality Control | |
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| Quality Achieved Through Machine and Process Monitoring | |
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| Process Tolerance (Standards) | |
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| Information Systems | |
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| Maintaining Quality | |
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| Safety | |
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| Worker Safety | |
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| Machine Safety | |
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| Diagnostic Systems | |
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| Machine Safety Circuit | |
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| Programmable Controllers in Safety | |
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| Other Safety Conditions | |
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| Troubleshooting | |
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| Safety First | |
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| Analyzing the Problem | |
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| Major Trouble Spots | |
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| Equipment for Troubleshooting | |
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| Motors | |
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| Troubleshooting a Complete Control Circuit | |
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| Troubleshooting the Programmable Logic Circuit | |
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| Electronic Troubleshooting Hints | |
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| Designing Control Systems for Easy Maintenance | |
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| Design Considerations | |
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| Diagrams and Layouts | |
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| Locating, Assembling, and Installing Components | |
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| Summary of Electrical Symbols | |
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| Units of Measurement | |
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| Rules of Thumb | |
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| Horsepower Versus Amperes | |
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| Horsepower Revolutions per Minute--Torque | |
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| Shaft Size--Horsepower--Revolutions per Minute | |
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| Electrical Formulas | |
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| Use of Electrical Codes and Standards | |
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| Major Goals | |
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| Recent Development of the NFPA 79 Standard | |
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| Tables | |
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| Application of Electric Heat | |
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| Calculating Heat Requirements | |
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| Selection and Application of Heating Elements | |
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| Heating Element Control Circuits | |
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| Heating Element Connection Diagrams | |
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| Power Factor Correction | |
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| Apparent Power and Actual Power | |
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| Magnetizing Current and Power Current | |
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| Determining the Amount of Correction Required | |
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| Typical Capacitor Design Features | |
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| Concepts Used in Programmable and Solid-State Controllers | |
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| Number System | |
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| Logic Gate Symbols and Circuits | |
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| Symbols (IEEE STD. 91-1973--ANSI Y32, 14-1973; Distinctive Shape Used) | |
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| Circuit Applications | |
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| Selecting a Transformer | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |