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Preface | |
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Measurement and Metrology | |
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Measurement as the Language of Science | |
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The Uses of Measurement | |
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Communications about Measurement | |
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Acts and Applications of Measurement | |
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Codification of Measurement | |
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A Look Ahead | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Language and Systems of Measurement | |
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How Big? | |
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How Far Apart? | |
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From End to End | |
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Accuracy, Precision, and Reliability | |
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Accuracy versus Precision | |
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Evolution of Standards | |
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Origin of the Metric System | |
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Legality of the Metric System in the United States | |
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The International Inch | |
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Fundamental Criteria | |
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The Best System | |
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Practical Criteria | |
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The Decimal-Inch System | |
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Metrological Considerations | |
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Communications Considerations | |
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Computational Considerations | |
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Rounding off Numerical Values | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Measurement and Tolerances | |
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Meaning of Tolerance | |
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Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing | |
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Tolerancing | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Statistics and Metrology | |
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Basic Statistics | |
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Probability | |
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Acceptance Sampling | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Measurement with Graduated scales and Scaled Instruments | |
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The Steel Rule | |
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The Role of Error | |
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Scaled Instruments | |
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Calipers: The Original Transfer Instruments | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Vernier Instruments | |
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Vernier Instruments | |
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Vernier Caliper | |
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Vernier Depth Gage | |
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Vernier Height Gage | |
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Three Elements of Measurement | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Micrometer Instruments | |
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Micrometers | |
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Using the Micrometer | |
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Care of Micrometers | |
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Variations of Micrometers | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Development and Use of Gage Blocks | |
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Development of Gage Blocks | |
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Modern Gage Blocks | |
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Calibration of Gage Blocks | |
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Gage Block Applications | |
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Combining Gage Blocks | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Measurement by Comparison | |
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The Dial Indicator | |
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Selection of a Dial Indicator | |
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Use of Dial Indicators | |
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Calibration of Dial Indicators | |
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Accessories and Attachments | |
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Constructive Use of Error | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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High-Amplification Comparators | |
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High-Amplification Comparators | |
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Electronic Measurement | |
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Applications Unique to Electronic Measurement | |
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Metrological Advantages of Multiple Scales | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Pneumatic Measurement | |
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Background | |
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From History to Semantics | |
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Principles of Pneumatic Instruments | |
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Application of Pneumatic Metrology | |
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Metrological Advantages of Pneumatic Comparators | |
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Reading the Pneumatic Comparator | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Calibration | |
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The Role of Error | |
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Basic Calibration Procedure | |
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Record and Correct Calibration Readings | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Optical Flats and Optical Alignment | |
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Importance of Standards | |
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Light Waves as Standards | |
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Measurement with Optical Flats | |
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Applications of Optical Flat Measurement | |
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Principles of Optical Metrology | |
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Alignment Telescope--Straightness Measurement | |
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Optical Squares--Squareness | |
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Sight Level--Plumbness | |
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Optical Polygons--Angles | |
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Jig Transit--Planes | |
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Theodolite--Angles and Planes | |
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Beyond Vision | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Reference Planes | |
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Background | |
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Flatness | |
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Perpendicularity | |
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Modern Reference Planes | |
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How Flat Is Flat? | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Angle Measurement | |
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Basic Geometry | |
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Angle Measurement | |
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The Level | |
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The Protractor | |
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Trigonometric Functions | |
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Sine Bars and Plates | |
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Mechanical Angle Measurement | |
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Measurements to Seconds of Arc | |
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Accuracy and Precision in Angle Measurement | |
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The Degree, Grad, and Gon | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Surface Measurements | |
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Background | |
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Surface Evaluation, Stylus Method | |
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Numerical Values for Surface Assessment | |
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Surface Texture Specimens | |
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Surface Evaluation, Other Methods | |
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Roundness | |
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Notation for Surface Assessment | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Coordinate Measuring Machines | |
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Background | |
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The Role of Coordinate Measuring Machines | |
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Types of Coordinate Measuring Machines | |
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Modes of Operation | |
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Metrological Features | |
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Coordinate Systems | |
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Future Expectations | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Optical Metrology | |
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Principles of the Microscope | |
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Applications | |
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Comparison of Optical Comparators and Microscopes | |
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Optical Considerations | |
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Applications of the Optical Comparator | |
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Accuracy of Optical Comparators | |
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Machine Vision Systems | |
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Summary | |
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End-of-Chapter Questions | |
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Appendices | |
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Decimal Equivalents | |
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Conversion Tables | |
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Conversion Table: Inches to Millimeters | |
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Conversion Table: Millimeters to Inches | |
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Geometric Optics | |
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Geometric Optics | |
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Single Lens Magnifiers | |
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Summary | |
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Appendix D | |
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Prefixes Used as Multipliers | |
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Recommended Pronunciation of Prefixes | |
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Bibliography | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |