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| List of Tables, and Figures | |
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| Preface | |
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| List of Abbreviations | |
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| Chronology of Significant Events and Legislation in U.S. Health Care | |
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| Health Care Politics | |
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| The Health Policy Environment | |
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| Key Health Policy Actors | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Health Care Policy in the United States | |
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| Health Care in the Nineteenth Century | |
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| The Transformation of American Medicine: 1900-1935 | |
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| The Role of the Federal Government | |
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| Expansion of Health Facilities and Services: 1930-1960 | |
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| Increasing Access to Health Care: The 1960s | |
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| Efforts at Health Care Cost Containment: The 1970s to the 1980s | |
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| The Reagan Administration | |
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| George H.W. Bush Administration | |
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| The Clinton Administration and Health Care Reforms | |
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| George W. Bush Administration | |
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| Presidential Election of 2004 | |
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| The Role of State and Local Governments in Health Care | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Plan of the Book | |
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| Medicaid: Health Care for the Poor | |
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| Program Objective and Structure | |
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| Medicaid: Eligibility and Coverage, Services, and Benefits | |
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| Major Trends in the Medicaid Program | |
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| The Medicaid Program during the Reagan and Bush Years: 1980-1992 | |
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| Further Devolution of the Medicaid Program during the Clinton Administration: 1992-1998 | |
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| The Medicaid Program and the State Governments: Innovations and Experimentation, from the 1980s to the 1990s | |
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| Medicaid Managed Care in the 1990s | |
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| State Governments, Medicaid, and Children's Insurance Program | |
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| Medicaid: Middle-Class Entitlement? | |
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| Current Fiscal Crisis of Medicaid | |
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| Medicaid Reform | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Medicare: Health Care for the Elderly and Disabled | |
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| The Origins of Medicare | |
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| Program Objectives and Structure | |
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| Financing Medicare | |
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| Supplementing Medicare | |
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| Medicare, Balanced Budgets, and Managed Care | |
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| The Disaster of the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act | |
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| Controlling Costs | |
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| The Problem of Long-Term Care | |
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| Prescriptions and Change | |
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| What Is in the Law | |
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| Tenuous Future of Medicare | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Health Care and the Disadvantaged: Falling through the Cracks | |
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| Equality and Equity | |
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| Uninsured and Underinsured | |
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| Profiling the Uninsured | |
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| Consequences of Uninsurance or Underinsurance | |
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| Insurance and the Idea of Community | |
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| A Closer Look: The Poor, Minorities, and Women | |
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| Solutions to the Problem of Uninsurance and Underinsurance | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Health Care Cost Containment | |
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| Theoretical Framework: Government Regulation and Market Competition | |
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| The Role of the Federal Government in Cost Containment | |
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| State Governments and Cost Containment | |
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| The Private Sector and Cost Containment | |
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| A Strategy for Controlling Costs | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Medical Malpractice and Medical Liability | |
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| Medical Errors, Medical Injury, and Patient Safety | |
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| The Origins of Medical Malpractice | |
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| Development of the Common Law in England | |
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| Medical Malpractice and Liability in the United States | |
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| The Current Tort System | |
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| Criticisms of the Current Tort System | |
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| Reforms and Alternatives | |
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| Medical Liability: Federal Government Policy and Reforms | |
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| Medical Liability Reforms at the State Level | |
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| Effectiveness of Tort Reforms | |
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| Medical Liability, Managed Care, Enterprise Liability, and ERISA | |
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| Federal Patients' Bill of Rights | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Health Care Technology | |
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| The Growth and Diffusion of Medical Technology | |
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| Factors Responsible for the Growth of Medical Technologies | |
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| Health Care Technology and Costs | |
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| Medical Technology Assessment | |
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| Current Status of Health Care Technology Assessment | |
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| Managed Care and Health Care Technology | |
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| Medical Technologies: Law, Politics, Religion, and Ethics to-Die | |
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| Public Opinion and the Right to Die | |
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| The Legacy of Terri Schiavo | |
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| The Right-to-Die Movement | |
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| Oregon's Death with Dignity Act | |
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| Living Wills and Durable Power of Attorney | |
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| Health Care Rationing | |
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| Conclusion: Medical Technology, Ethics, and Public Policy | |
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| Reforming the System | |
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| Systemic Problems | |
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| The Economic Critique | |
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| Moving toward Reform | |
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| Health Care Reform on the Front Burner | |
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| The States and Comprehensive Health Care Reform | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Triumph of Incrementalism: From Managed Care to Consumer-Driven Health Care | |
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| Retrenchment | |
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| Covering Children | |
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| Managed Care | |
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| Managed Care Backlash | |
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| The Public-Sector Response to Managed Care | |
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| Back to the Market | |
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| Consumer-Driven Health Care | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Conclusion: Health Care Policy at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century | |
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| Concluding Thoughts | |
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| Appendix: State Medical Liability Laws | |
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| Index | |