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Preface | |
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To the Student | |
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What the Exam Is About | |
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The Nature of the Grade 8 Intermediate-Level Science Test | |
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Analysis, Inquiry, and Design | |
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Mathematical Analysis | |
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The Language of Mathematics | |
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Variables | |
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Inductive and Deductive Reasoning | |
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Interpolation and Extrapolation | |
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Patterns and Trends | |
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Constructing Data Tables and Charts | |
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Constructing Graphs | |
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Scientific Diagrams | |
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Practive Review Questions | |
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Scientific Inquiry | |
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Thinking like a Scientist | |
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Observing | |
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Collecting Information | |
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Organizing Information | |
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Questioning | |
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Formulating a Hypothesis | |
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Testing a Hypothesis | |
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Controlling Tests | |
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Reporting Results | |
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Forming Laws and Theories | |
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Practice Review Questions | |
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Engineering Design | |
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Models | |
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The Engineering Design Process | |
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Practice Review Questions | |
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The Living Environment | |
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The Unity and Diversity of Life | |
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The Concept of Life | |
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The Unity of Life | |
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Life Functions | |
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Cells | |
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The Needs of Living Things | |
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The Diversity of Life | |
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Classification | |
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Practice Review Questions | |
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Organization in Living Things | |
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Levels of Organization in Living Things | |
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Cells | |
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Tissues | |
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Organs | |
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Organ Systems | |
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The Major Human Organ Systems | |
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The Skeletal and Muscular Systems | |
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The Nervous and Endocrine Systems | |
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The Digestive System | |
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The Respiratory, Circulatory, and Excretory Systems | |
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The Reproductive System | |
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Disease | |
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Practice Review Questions | |
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The Maintenance of Life | |
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Nutrition | |
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Types of Nutrients | |
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Types of Nutrition | |
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Metabolism | |
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Regulation | |
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Functioning in Different Environments | |
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Practice Review Questions | |
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The Continuity of Life | |
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Reproduction and Development | |
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Cellular Reproduction | |
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Methods of Reproduction | |
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Growth and Development | |
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Patterns of Inheritance | |
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Genetics | |
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Practice Review Questions | |
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The Evolution and Diversity of Life | |
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Variation | |
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Mutation | |
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Adaptations | |
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Evolution | |
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Natural Selection | |
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Practice Review Questions | |
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Ecology | |
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The Nature of Ecology | |
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The Physical Environment | |
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The Biological Environment | |
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The Nature of an Ecosystem | |
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The Organization of an Ecosystem | |
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Interactions in an Ecosystem | |
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Practice Review Questions | |
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The Physical Setting | |
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Astronomy | |
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Perspective and Relative Motion | |
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Celestial Objects | |
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Celestial Motion | |
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Relative Motion | |
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Models of the Universe | |
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The Celestial Sphere | |
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The Geocentric Model | |
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The Heliocentric Model | |
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Our Current Model of the Universe | |
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Stars | |
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Galaxies | |
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Nebulae | |
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The Solar System | |
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The Sun | |
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The Planets | |
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Other Solar System Bodies | |
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Motion in the Solar System | |
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The Earth-Moon-Sun System | |
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Earth's Size and Shape | |
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Earth's Coordinate System | |
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Earth's Motions | |
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Revolution | |
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The Effects of Earth's Motions | |
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The Sky Hemisphere: A Simple Model | |
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Apparent Daily Motion | |
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The Day | |
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Local Time and Time Zones | |
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Unequal Day and Night | |
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The Year | |
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Practice Review Questions | |
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Geology | |
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Earth's Structure | |
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The Lithosphere | |
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The Hydrosphere | |
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The Atmosphere | |
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Earth's Composition | |
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Minerals | |
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Mineral Identification | |
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Rocks | |
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The Water Cycle | |
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Weathering | |
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Erosion | |
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Deposition | |
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Earth's Interior | |
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Internal Heat | |
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Earthquakes and Seismic Waves | |
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Crust, Mantle, Core | |
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Lithosphere and Asthenosphere | |
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Plate Tectonics | |
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Practice Review Questions | |
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Meteorology | |
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Weather | |
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Weather Variables | |
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Humidity | |
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Wind | |
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Clouds and Precipitation | |
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Weather Patterns | |
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The Synoptic Weather Map | |
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Air Masses | |
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Weather Fronts | |
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Cyclones and Anticyclones | |
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Weather Forecasting | |
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Weather Hazards | |
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Climate | |
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The Main Elements of Climate | |
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Some Factors Affecting Climate | |
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Types of Climates | |
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Practice Review Questions | |
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Chemistry | |
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Understanding Matter | |
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Mass and Weight | |
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Volume | |
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Density | |
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Types of Matter | |
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Phases of Matter | |
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Physical Properties | |
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Chemical Properties | |
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Changes in Matter | |
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Physical Changes | |
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Chemical Changes | |
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Telling Physical from Chemical Changes | |
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Conservation of Matter | |
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The Structure of Matter | |
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Atoms | |
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Molecules | |
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The Periodic Table | |
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Practice Review Questions | |
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Energy | |
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Work and Energy | |
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Potential and Kinetic Energy | |
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Forms of Energy | |
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The Law of Conservation of Energy | |
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Energy Transformations | |
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Heat | |
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Heat and Temperature | |
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Measuring Temperature | |
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Measuring Heat | |
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Latent Heat | |
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Heat Transfer | |
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Sound | |
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Sound Waves | |
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The Speed of Sound | |
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Electrical Energy | |
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Static Electricity | |
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Current Electricity | |
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Magnetism | |
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Law of Magnetic Poles | |
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Electromagnets | |
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Light | |
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum | |
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Light Interacts with Matter | |
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Refraction and Lenses | |
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Energy Sources | |
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Solar Energy | |
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Fossil Fuels | |
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Other Sources of Energy | |
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Generating Electricity | |
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Renewable vs. Nonrenewable Energy Consumption | |
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Energy Conservation | |
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The Three Rs: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle | |
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Practice Review Questions | |
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Motion, Forces, and Machines | |
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Motion | |
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Measuring Motion | |
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Speed | |
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Acceleration | |
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Graphing Motion | |
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Forces | |
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Newton's First Law of Motion | |
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Newton's Second Law of Motion | |
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Newton's Third Law of Motion | |
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Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation | |
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Machines | |
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Inclined Plane | |
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Levers | |
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Wheel and Axle | |
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Pulley | |
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Mechanical Advantage | |
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Practice Review Questions | |
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Answer Key | |
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Model Examination and Answers | |
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Glossary and Index | |