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Acknowledgments | |
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Preface | |
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Birth of Transcultural Nursing to Current Theories and Conceptual Models for Cultural Diversity | |
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Chapter Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Population Growth | |
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Bicultural/Multicultural | |
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Acculturation | |
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Other Areas of Diversity | |
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Overview of Conceptual Models for Cultural Diversity | |
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Nonnursing Models for Cultural Assessment | |
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Selected Nursing Models for Cultural Assessment | |
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Summary | |
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Culture | |
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Chapter Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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The Sick Role and the Need for Cultural Sensitivity | |
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Primary and Secondary Characteristics of Culture | |
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Subcultures | |
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Impact of Culture and Ethics | |
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Culture and Mental Health | |
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Race and Ethnicity | |
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Ethnocentrism | |
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Generalizations and Stereotyping | |
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Cultural Mismatch and Cultural Pain | |
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Culture and Its Impact on the Patient Role | |
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Cultural Formulation and Culture-Bound Syndromes | |
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Cultural Differences in Mortality and Morbidity | |
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Impact of Gender | |
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Impact of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender | |
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Homophobia and Incidence of Discrimination | |
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The Importance of Acceptance | |
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Summary | |
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Global Diversity | |
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Chapter Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Cultural Diversity Defined | |
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Cultural Factors Impacting the Clinical Relationship | |
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The Importance of Striving for Understanding | |
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Language Barriers | |
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Proper Use of Interpreters | |
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Cultural Humility | |
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Impact of Diversity | |
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Culturally Discordant Care | |
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Health Disparities | |
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Impact of Diversity on Diagnosis and Treatment | |
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Barriers to Health Care | |
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Ethnopharmacology | |
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Reasons for Health Disparities | |
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Global Healthcare Disparities | |
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Global Diversity-The Role of Nursing | |
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Culture of Poverty | |
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United States | |
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United Kingdom | |
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Australia | |
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Canada | |
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South Africa | |
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Recommendations | |
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Summary | |
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Organization of Healthcare Delivery in the21st Century | |
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Chapter Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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National Standards: Culturally and linguistically Appropriate Services | |
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Standards of Care: Institute of Medicine | |
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Identified Barriers that Contribute to Healthcare Disparities | |
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Clinical Uncertainty | |
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Biases | |
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Role of Education | |
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Impact on Public Health | |
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Discrimination and Equitable Quality Healthcare Delivery | |
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Ethics | |
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Crossing the Quality Chasm | |
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Multidisciplinary and Interdisciplinary Teams | |
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Need to Improve Diversity of Nursing and Healthcare Workforce | |
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Impact oh Provision of Primary Care by Nurse Practitioners | |
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Opportunities for Nurses to Attain Cultural Competency Certification | |
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Future Research | |
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Summary | |
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Unit 2 | |
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Black Americans | |
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Chapter Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Historical Background | |
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Statistics | |
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Blacks and the US Healthcare System | |
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Definition of Health and Illness | |
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Traditional Healing Methods | |
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Current Health Problems | |
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Disparities | |
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Mistrust of the Healthcare System | |
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Barriers to Care | |
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Impact of Communication | |
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Impact of Time and Space | |
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Impact of Environment | |
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Impact of Biologic Variations | |
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Impact on Social Organization | |
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Impact on Faith and Spirituality | |
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Summary | |
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Hispanics/Latinos | |
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Chapter Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Terminology: Latinos or Hispanics? | |
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Background | |
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History of Hispanics in the United States | |
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Mexican Americans | |
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Puerto Ricans | |
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Cuban Americans | |
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Central Americans | |
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Dominican Americans | |
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South Americans | |
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Consequences of Immigration to the United States for Hispanics | |
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Summary | |
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Asians/Pacific Islanders | |
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Chapter Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Background | |
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Chinese Americans | |
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Korean Americans | |
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Cambodian Americans | |
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Vietnamese Americans | |
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Asian Indian Americans | |
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Japanese Americans | |
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Filipino Americans | |
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Pacific Islander Americans | |
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Summary | |
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Native Americans | |
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Chapter Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Historical Background | |
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Variables Impacting Degree of Acculturation | |
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Definition of Health and Illness | |
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Specific Nursing Considerations | |
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Traditional Health Beliefs | |
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Impact of Communication | |
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Impact of Time and Space | |
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Impact of Social Organization | |
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Biologic Variations | |
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Impact of Faith and Spirituality | |
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Navajos | |
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Alaska Natives/American Eskimos | |
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Summary | |
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Whites (Non-Hispanic) | |
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Chapter Objectives | |
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Introduction | |
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Historical Background | |
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Settlers of the New World | |
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Mass Migration of the1820s to the 1880s | |
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Projections | |
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Irish Americans | |
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Italian Americans | |
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Appalachians | |
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TheAmish | |
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Roma (Gypsies) | |
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Jewish Americans | |
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Russian Americans | |
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Summary | |
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Glossary of Additional Cultural Terms | |
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Appendix | |
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Background | |
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Principles of Muslim Faith | |
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Muslim Health Beliefs | |
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Important Nursing Implications | |
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Index | |