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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Distinctions Regarding Public Budgeting | |
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| Responsible Government and Budgeting | |
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| Budgets and Budgeting Systems | |
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| Information and Decision Making | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Public Sector in Perspective | |
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| Relative Sizes of the Private and Public Sectors | |
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| The Magnitude and Growth of Government | |
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| Sources of Revenue and Purposes of Government Expenditures | |
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| Summary | |
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| Budget Cycles | |
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| The Budget Cycle | |
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| Scrambled Budget Cycles | |
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| Summary | |
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| Budgeting for Revenues: Income Taxes, Payroll Taxes, and Property Taxes | |
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| Principles of Taxation | |
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| Income, Payroll, and Property Taxes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Budgeting for Revenues: Transaction-Based Revenue Sources | |
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| Retail Sales and Other Consumption Taxes | |
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| User Charges | |
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| Lotteries, Casinos, and Other Forms of Gambling | |
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| Revenue Estimating | |
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| Summary | |
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| Budget Preparation: The Expenditure Side | |
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| Early Developments | |
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| Structuring the Request Process | |
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| Systems of Budgeting | |
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| Summary | |
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| Budget Preparation: The Decision Process | |
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| Decisions on Budget Requests | |
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| Budget Documents | |
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| Summary | |
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| Budget Approval: The Role of the Legislature | |
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| Constraints on Legislatures | |
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| The Legislative Budget Process | |
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| Legislative Oversight | |
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| Summary | |
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| Budget Approval: The U.S. Congress | |
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| Evolution of the Federal Budget Process | |
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| The Resulting Congressional Timetable | |
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| From Deficit to Surplus to Deficit, 1991-2007 | |
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| Proposed Reforms and Their Prospects | |
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| Summary | |
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| Budget Execution | |
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| Budget Office and Agency Relations | |
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| Tax Administration and Debt Collection | |
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| Cash Management | |
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| Procurement | |
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| Risk Management | |
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| Summary | |
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| Financial Management: Accounting, Reporting, and Auditing | |
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| Governmental Accounting | |
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| Reporting | |
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| Governmental Auditing | |
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| Summary | |
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| Capital Assets: Planning and Budgeting, Analysis, and Management | |
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| Capital Planning and Budgeting | |
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| Capital Project Analysis | |
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| Asset Management | |
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| Summary | |
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| Capital Finance and Debt Management | |
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| Types of Finance | |
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| State and Local Debt Financing | |
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| Debt Capacity and Management | |
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| Private Equity Financing for Public Capital Assets | |
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| Summary | |
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| Intergovernmental Relations | |
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| Structural and Fiscal Features of the Intergovernmental System | |
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| Patterns of Interaction Among Levels of Government | |
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| Types of Fiscal Assistance | |
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| Restructuring Patterns of Intergovernmental Relations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Government, the Economy, and Economic Development | |
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| Measuring the Size of the Economy | |
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| The United States and the World Economy | |
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| Objectives of Economic Policy | |
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| Anticipating Economic Conditions | |
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| Tools Available to Affect the Economy | |
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| Equity and Government Economic Policy | |
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| Summary | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Bibliographic Note | |
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| Index | |