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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Commonly Used Frequency Measures in Health Care | |
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Introduction to Frequency Distributions | |
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Ratios, Proportions, and Rates | |
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Population-Based Mortality Measures | |
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Frequently Used Measures of Morbidity | |
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Relative Measures of Disease Frequency | |
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Kaplan Meier Survival Analysis | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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Graphic Display of Data | |
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Construction of Tables | |
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Charts | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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Introduction to Measurement | |
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What Is Measurement? | |
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Validity | |
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Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value of a Measure | |
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Reliability | |
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Timeliness | |
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Scales of Measurement | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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Measures of Central Tendency and Variability | |
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Measures of Central Tendency | |
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Measures of Variability | |
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Calculating Measures of Central Tendency and Variability Using SPSS | |
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Dichotomous Data | |
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Grouped Frequency Distributions | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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The Normal Distribution and Statistical Inference | |
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Characteristics of the Normal Distribution | |
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The Standard Normal Distribution (z Distribution) | |
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Statistical Inference | |
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Central Limit Theorem | |
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Standard Error of the Mean | |
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Confidence Intervals | |
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Sampling Methods | |
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Hypothesis Testing and Statistical Significance | |
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Level of Significance | |
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The p Value | |
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Sample Size and Interpretation of Statistical Significance | |
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Using Computer Software To Solve Problems | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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Hypothesis Testing of the Difference between Two Population Means | |
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The Standard Normal Distribution and the z Test for Comparing Population Means | |
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The z Test for Comparing Two Population Proportions | |
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The t Test | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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Analysis of Variance | |
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Analysis of Variance | |
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F Test | |
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ANOVA in the Three-Sample Case | |
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Statistical Power | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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Correlation and Linear Regression | |
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Characteristics of Pearson r | |
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Calculation of the Pearson r | |
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Introduction to Linear Regression | |
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Interpretation of the Standard Error of the Estimate | |
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Hypothesis Testing | |
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Coefficient of Determination | |
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F Test | |
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Regression Model for Length of Stay and Total Charges | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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Chi Square | |
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Chi-Square (X[superscript 2]) Tests | |
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The X[superscript 2] Test of Independence | |
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Examination of Residuals | |
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Yates Correction for Continuity | |
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Phi Coefficient | |
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Contingency Coefficient | |
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Cramer's V | |
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Fisher's Exact Test | |
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X[superscript 2] Goodness of Fit | |
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X[superscript 2] Test for Paired Data--McNemar Test | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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Nonparametric Methods | |
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The Spearman Rho Rank Order Correlation Coefficient | |
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Location Tests for Single and Paired Samples | |
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Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon Test | |
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Kruskal-Wallis Test | |
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Conclusion | |
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Exercises for Solving Problems | |
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Glossary | |
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Statistical Tables | |
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Frequency Distribution of Discharges by DRG Critical Care Hospital, 1997: An Index to the Number of Cases per DRG | |
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Index | |
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About the Author | |