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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Designing an Experiment | |
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Before You Begin | |
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Variables and Measurement | |
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Experimental versus Correlational Research | |
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The Dynamic Nature of Scientific Method | |
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Summary | |
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Practical Tasks | |
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Further Reading | |
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Planning an Experiment | |
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What Should I Research: Finding Out What's Been Done? | |
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How Do I Research My Question? | |
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Summary: Is That It? | |
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Practical Tasks | |
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Further Reading | |
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Experimental Designs | |
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The Three Aims of Research: Reliability, Validity and Importance | |
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Different Methods for Doing Research | |
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So, Which Experimental Design Should You Use? | |
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Ethical Considerations in Running a Study | |
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Summary | |
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Practical Tasks | |
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Further Reading | |
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Analysing and Interpreting Data | |
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Descriptive Statistics | |
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Populations and Samples | |
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Summarizing Data | |
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Confidence Intervals | |
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Reporting Descriptive Statistics | |
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Summary | |
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Practical Tasks | |
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Further Reading | |
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Inferential Statistics | |
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Testing Hypotheses | |
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Summary | |
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Practical Tasks | |
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Further Reading | |
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Parametric Statistics | |
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How Do I Tell If My Data are Parametric? | |
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The t-Test | |
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The Independent t-Test | |
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The Dependent t-Test | |
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Analysis of Variance | |
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One-Way Independent ANOVA | |
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One-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA | |
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Two Way Independent ANOVA | |
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Two-Way Mixed ANOVA | |
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Two-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA | |
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Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) | |
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Summary | |
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Practical Tasks | |
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Further Reading | |
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Non-parametric Statistics | |
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Non-Parametric Tests: Rationale | |
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The Mann-Whitney Test | |
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The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test | |
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The Kruskal-Wallis Test | |
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Friedman's ANOVA | |
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Summary | |
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Practical Tasks | |
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Further Reading | |
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Choosing a Statistical Test | |
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The Need to Think About Statistics at the Outset of Designing a Study | |
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Five Questions to Ask Yourself | |
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Specific Sources of Confusion in Deciding Which Test to Use | |
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Examples of Using These Questions to Arrive at the Correct Test | |
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Summary | |
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Practical Tasks | |
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Writing Up Your Research | |
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A Quick Guide to Writing a Psychology Lab-Report | |
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An Overview of the Various Sections of a Report | |
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Title | |
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Abstract | |
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Introduction | |
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Method | |
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Results | |
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Discussion | |
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References | |
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General Points When Writing a Report | |
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The Standardized Format of the Report | |
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Some Important Considerations When Writing a Report | |
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Writing Style | |
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Give Yourself Enough Time | |
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Summary | |
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Practical Tasks | |
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Further Reading | |
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Answering the Question 'Why?' The Introduction Section | |
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Providing a Rationale | |
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How to Describe Previous Research and its Findings | |
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Outlining Your Own Experiment | |
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Providing Predictions About the Experiment's Outcome | |
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Summary | |
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Practical Tasks | |
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Answering the Question 'How?' The Method Section | |
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Design | |
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Participants | |
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Apparatus | |
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Procedure | |
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Summary | |
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Practical Tasks | |
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Answering the Question 'What Did I Find?' The Results Section | |
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Tidying Up Your Data | |
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Descriptive Statistics | |
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Inferential Statistics | |
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Make the Reader's Task Easy | |
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Be Selective in Reporting Your Results! | |
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Summary | |
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Answering the Question 'So What'? The Discussion Section | |
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Summarize Your Findings | |
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Relate Your Findings to Previous Research | |
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Discuss the Limitations of Your Study | |
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Make Suggestions for Further Research | |
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Draw Some Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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Title, Abstract, References and Formatting | |
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The Title | |
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The Abstract | |
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References | |
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Appendices | |
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Practical Tasks | |
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Example of an Experimental Write-Up | |
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Abstract | |
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Introduction | |
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Method | |
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Design | |
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Procedure | |
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Results | |
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Discussion | |
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References for the Example | |
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References | |
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Index | |