| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
Organization of this book | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summaries | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Social Inequality in Chicago Slums | |
| |
| |
Railroads as Indicators of Civilized Society | |
| |
| |
Early Social Ecology: Spatial Studies of Chicago | |
| |
| |
Relevant Web Sites | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction to Geographic Information Systems | |
| |
| |
What is a Geographic Information System? | |
| |
| |
Understanding GIS | |
| |
| |
The "G" in GIS | |
| |
| |
The "I" in GIS | |
| |
| |
The "S" in GIS | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Relevant Web Sites | |
| |
| |
| |
GIS Basics | |
| |
| |
An Example of a Spatially-Based Study | |
| |
| |
GIS Data Formats | |
| |
| |
Spatial Data Formats | |
| |
| |
GIS Data Models | |
| |
| |
Topological and Raster Data Models and Analysis Approaches | |
| |
| |
Data Compression and Packaging | |
| |
| |
Essential Mapping Concepts | |
| |
| |
So What Do I Do? | |
| |
| |
GIS Output | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Relevant Web Sites | |
| |
| |
Suggested Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Topics for Sociospatial Research | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
What Value Does GIS Present in Social Science Research? | |
| |
| |
Exploring and Integrating Information | |
| |
| |
Determining Project Goals | |
| |
| |
Guiding Questions | |
| |
| |
How To: Steps in the Process | |
| |
| |
Relevant Web Sites | |
| |
| |
| |
Research Design | |
| |
| |
Inductive Versus Deductive Approach to Research | |
| |
| |
What Is the Purpose of Your Research? | |
| |
| |
Stages of Sociospatial Research for Deductive Research | |
| |
| |
The Role of Time | |
| |
| |
Errors in Human Inquiry | |
| |
| |
Ecological Fallacy | |
| |
| |
Ethics and GIS | |
| |
| |
Relevant Web Sites | |
| |
| |
Suggested Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Qualitative Research Methods and GIS | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Grounded Theory: GIS Using an Inductive Approach | |
| |
| |
Grounded Theory and GIS | |
| |
| |
Sociospatial Grounded Theory Using GIS | |
| |
| |
Questions to Guide Integration of GIS Into Field Research | |
| |
| |
Local Sources of Data | |
| |
| |
Oral History Interviews | |
| |
| |
Participant Observation | |
| |
| |
News as a Source of Data | |
| |
| |
Ethnography and GIS | |
| |
| |
Case Studies and GIS | |
| |
| |
Public Participation and GIS | |
| |
| |
Relevant Web Sites | |
| |
| |
| |
GIS Data Collection and Development (Sources, Input, and Output) | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Data Acquisition | |
| |
| |
Evaluating Data Suitability | |
| |
| |
Obtaining GIS Data From the Internet | |
| |
| |
Obtaining Data From Offline Sources | |
| |
| |
How Can I Use My Own Data? | |
| |
| |
Approaching the Use of GIS With and Without Computer in the Field | |
| |
| |
Data Collection Considerations | |
| |
| |
Unit of Analysis | |
| |
| |
Database Concepts and GIS | |
| |
| |
Rules for GIS Database Development | |
| |
| |
Creating GIS-Friendly Data Tables | |
| |
| |
Integrating Other Types of Data | |
| |
| |
GIS Output | |
| |
| |
Conclusions | |
| |
| |
Relevant Web Sites | |
| |
| |
| |
Measurement | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Type of Data Source: Primary or Secondary | |
| |
| |
Concepts, Variables, and Attributes | |
| |
| |
Operationalization of Concepts in GIS | |
| |
| |
Different Data Types: Matching Geographic and Social Variables? | |
| |
| |
Validity and Reliability | |
| |
| |
Data Sampling and GIS | |
| |
| |
Study Area and Sample Unit Boundaries | |
| |
| |
Factors Affecting Choice of GIS Variables | |
| |
| |
Relevant Web Sites | |
| |
| |
Suggested Reading | |
| |
| |
| |
Data Documentation and Model Development | |
| |
| |
The Importance of Ground Truthing Data | |
| |
| |
Documenting Data Accuracy and Quality (Metadata) | |
| |
| |
Analytical Approach | |
| |
| |
Phases of Abstraction | |
| |
| |
Statistical Outputs From GIS | |
| |
| |
Relevant Web Sites | |
| |
| |
| |
Analysis, Interpretation, and Application | |
| |
| |
Analysis Techniques | |
| |
| |
Cartographic Classification | |
| |
| |
Buffer and Overlay | |
| |
| |
Proximity Polygons and Nearest Neighbors | |
| |
| |
Social Networks and Network Analysis | |
| |
| |
Topographic Tools | |
| |
| |
Spatial Interpolation and Simulation | |
| |
| |
Modeling | |
| |
| |
When to Use GIS as a Problem-Solving Tool | |
| |
| |
Potential Pitfalls | |
| |
| |
Relevant Web Sites | |
| |
| |
| |
Future Opportunities for Social Research and GIS | |
| |
| |
Linking GIS and the Social Sciences | |
| |
| |
Using GIS to Study Society and Change | |
| |
| |
Identifying Social Inequality | |
| |
| |
GIS City Case Example | |
| |
| |
Government and GIS | |
| |
| |
Data Continuity Over Time | |
| |
| |
Metadata Documentation of Your Data | |
| |
| |
Future Directions for GIS and Social Sciences | |
| |
| |
Visualization and GIS | |
| |
| |
Faster Response Time | |
| |
| |
Impact of Tools for the Future | |
| |
| |
Parting Thoughts | |
| |
| |
Some Suggestions for Student Research Projects | |
| |
| |
Relevant Web Sites | |
| |
| |
Glossary | |
| |
| |
Web Links | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Index | |