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Preface | |
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About the author | |
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Overview of Formation Damage | |
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Introduction | |
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Common Formation Damage Problems, Factors, and Mechanisms | |
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Team for Understanding and Mitigation of Formation Damage | |
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Objectives of the Book | |
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Characterization of Reservoir Rock for Formation Damage - Mineralogy, Texture, Petrographics, Petrophysics, and Instrumental Techniques | |
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Mineralogy and Mineral Sensitivity of Petroleum-Bearing Formations | |
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Introduction | |
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Origin of Petroleum-Bearing Formations | |
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Constituents of Sedimentary Rocks | |
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Composition of Petroleum-Bearing Formations | |
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Mineral Sensitivity of Sedimentary Formations | |
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Mechanism of Clay Swelling | |
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Modeling Clay Swelling | |
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Cation Exchange Capacity | |
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Shale Swelling and Stability | |
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Petrographical Characteristics of Petroleum-Bearing Formations | |
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Introduction | |
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Petrographical Characteristics | |
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Morphology of Dispersed Clays in Sandstones | |
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Rock Damage Tendency and Formation Damage Index Number | |
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Reservoir Characterization | |
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Petrophysics - Flow Functions and Parameters | |
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Introduction | |
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Wettability Alteration | |
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Dependence of End-Point Saturations to Porosity and Permeability | |
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Alteration of Flow Functions: Capillary Pressure and Relative Permeability | |
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Temperature Dependency of the Rock Wettability | |
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Effect of Temperature on Formation Damage | |
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Effect of Morphology of Dispersed Clays on Capillary Pressure and Relative Permeability in Sandstones | |
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Porosity and Permeability Relationships of Geological Formations | |
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Introduction | |
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Basic Models for Permeability of Rocks | |
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Special Effects | |
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Advanced Applications | |
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Instrumental and Laboratory Techniques for Characterization of Reservoir Rock | |
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Introduction | |
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Formation Evaluation (FE) | |
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Instrumental Laboratory Techniques | |
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Characterization of the Porous Media Processes for Formation Damage - Accountability of Phases and Species, Rock-Fluid-Particle Interactions, and Rate Processes | |
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Multiphase and Multispecies Transport in Porous Media | |
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Introduction | |
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MultiPhase and Species Systems in Porous Media | |
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Alternative Expressions of Various Species and Flow for Systems in Porous Media | |
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MultiSpecies and MultiPhase Macroscopic Transport Equations | |
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Particulate Processes in Porous Media | |
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Introduction | |
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Particulate Processes | |
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Properties Affecting Particles | |
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Forces Acting Upon Particles | |
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Rate Equations for Particulate Processes in Porous Matrix | |
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Particulate Phenomena in Multiphase Systems | |
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Temperature Effect on Particulate Processes | |
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Crystal Growth and Scale Formation in Porous Media | |
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Introduction | |
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Types of Precipitation | |
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Solid-Liquid Equilibrium and Solubility Equation | |
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Crystallization Phenomena | |
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Particle Growth and Dissolution in Solution | |
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Scale Formation and Dissolution at the Pore Surface | |
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Crystal Surface Pitting and Displacement by Dissolution | |
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Formation Damage by Particulate Processes-Fines Mobilization Migration, - and Deposition | |
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Single-Phase Formation Damage by Fines Migration and Clay Swelling | |
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Introduction | |
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Algebraic Core Impairment Model | |
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Ordinary Differential Compartments-in-Series Core Impairment Model | |
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Simple Partial Differential Core Impairment Model | |
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Partial Differential Core Impairment Model Considering the Clayey Formation Swelling and both the Indigenous and the External Particles | |
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Plugging-Nonplugging Parallel Pathways Partial Differential Core Impairment Model | |
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Model-Assisted Analysis of Experimental Data | |
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Multiphase Formation Damage by Fines Migration | |
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Introduction | |
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Formulation of a Multiphase Formation Damage Model | |
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Model-Assisted Analysis of Experimental Data | |
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Cake Filtration: Mechanism Parameters, and Modeling | |
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Introduction | |
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Incompressive Cake Filtration without Fines Intrusion | |
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Compressive Cake Filtration Including Fines Invasion | |
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Formation Damage by Inorganic and Organic Processes - Chemical Reactions Saturation Phenomena Deposition and Dissolution | |
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Inorganic Scaling and Geochemical Formation Damage | |
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Introduction | |
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Geochemical Phenomena-Classification, Formulation Modeling and Simulation | |
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Reactions in Porous Media | |
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Geochemical Modeling | |
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Graphical Description of the Rock-Fluid Chemical Equilibrium | |
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Geochemical Model-Assisted Analysis of Fluid-Fluid and Rock-Fluid Compatibility | |
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Geochemical Simulation of Rock-Fluid Interactions in Brine-Saturated Sedimentary Basins | |
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Formation Damage by Organic Deposition | |
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Introduction | |
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Characteristics of Asphaltenic Oils | |
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Mechanisms of the Heavy Organic Deposition | |
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Asphaltene and Wax Phase Behavior | |
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Prediction of Asphaltene Stability and Measurement (detection) of the Onset of Asphaltene Flocculation | |
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Algebraic Model for Formation Damage by Asphaltene Precipitation in Single Phase | |
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Plugging-Nonplugging Pathways Model for Asphaltene Deposition in Single Phase | |
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Two-Phase and Dual-Porosity Model for Simultaneous Asphaltene-Paraffin Deposition | |
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Single-Porosity and Two-Phase Model for Organic Deposition | |
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Assessment of the Formation Damage Potential - Testing Simulation, Analysis and Interpretation | |
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Laboratory Evaluation of Formation Damage | |
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Introduction | |
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Fundamental Processes of Practical Importance for Formation Damage in Petroleum Reservoirs | |
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Selection of Reservoir-Compatible Fluids | |
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Experimental Setup for Formation Damage Testing | |
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Recommended Practice for Laboratory Formation Damage Tests | |
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Protocol for Standard Core Flood Tests | |
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Laboratory Procedures for Evaluation of Common Formation Damage Problems | |
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Evaluation of the Reservoir Formation Damage Potential by Laboratory Testing - a Case Study | |
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Formation Damage Simulator Development | |
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Introduction | |
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Description of Fundamental Model Equations | |
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Numerical Solution of Formation Damage Models | |
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Ordinary Differential Equations | |
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Partial Differential Equations | |
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Model-Assisted Analysis and Interpretation of Laboratory and Field Tests | |
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Introduction | |
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Measurement Error | |
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Model Validation, Refinement and Parameter Estimation | |
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Formation Damage Potential of Stimulation and Production Techniques | |
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Reactive-Transport Simulation of Dolomitization, Anhydrite Cementation and Porosity Evolution | |
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Impact of Scale Deposition in a Reservoir | |
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Simulation of fine particle mobilization migration and deposition in a core plug | |
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Formation Damage Models for Fields Applications-Drilling Mud Invasion, Injectivity of Wells Sanding and Gravel-Pack Damage and Inorganic and Organic Deposition | |
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Drilling Mud Filtrate and Solids Invasion and Mudcake Formation | |
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Introduction | |
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Depth of Mud Damage Correlation | |
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Single-Phase Mud Filtrate Invasion Model | |
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Two-Phase Wellbore Mud Invasion and Filter Cake Formation Model | |
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Near-Wellbore Filtrate Invasion | |
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Dynamically-Coupled Mudcake Build-up and Immiscible Multiphase Filtrate Invasion | |
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Drilling Mud Loss into Naturally Fractured Reservoirs | |
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Injectivity of the Waterflooding Wells | |
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Introduction | |
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Injectivity of Wells | |
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Water Quality Ratio (WQR) | |
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Single-Phase Filtration Processes | |
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Diagnostic-Type Curves for Water Injectivity Tests | |
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Injection Rate Decline Function | |
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Field Applications | |
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Reservoir Sand Migration and Gravel-Pack Damage: Stress-Induced Formation Damage Sanding Tendency, and Prediction | |
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Introduction | |
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Prediction of Sanding Conditions Using a Simple Model | |
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Prediction of Massive Sand Production Using a Differential Model | |
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Modeling Sand Retention in Gravel-Packs | |
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Reservoir Compaction and Subsidence | |
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Near-Wellbore Formation Damage | |
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Introduction | |
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Modeling Near-Wellbore Deposition and Its Effect on Well Performance | |
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Near-Wellbore Sulfur Deposition | |
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Near-Wellbore Calcite Deposition | |
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Near-Wellbore Asphaltene Deposition | |
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Diagnosis and Mitigation of Formation Damage-Measurement Assessment, Control and Remediation | |
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Field Diagnosis and Measurement of Formation Damage | |
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Introduction | |
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Diagnosis and Evaluation of Formation Damage in the Field | |
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Pseudo-Damage vs. Formation Damage | |
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Measures of Formation Damage | |
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Model-Assisted Estimation of Skin Factor | |
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Model-Assisted Analysis of the Near-Wellbore Permeability Alteration Using Pressure Transient Data | |
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Productivity Decline Caused by Mud Invasion into Naturally Fractured Reservoirs | |
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Continuous Real Time Series Analysis for Detection and Monitoring Formation Damage Effects | |
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Formation Damage Expert System | |
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Determination of Formation Damage and Pseudo-Damage from Well Performance-Identification, Characterization and Evaluation | |
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Introduction | |
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Completion Damage and Flow Efficiency | |
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Formation Damage Assessment in the Field by Well surveillance | |
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Well-Testing Techniques reservoir parameters and interpretation methods | |
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Components of the Total Skin Factor | |
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Variable skin factor | |
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Formation Damage Control and Remediation - Conventional Techniques and Remedial Treatments for Common Problems | |
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Introduction | |
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Selection of Treatment Fluids | |
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Clay Stabilization | |
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Clay and Silt Fines | |
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Effect of Drilling Fluids on Shale Stability | |
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Bacterial Damage | |
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Inorganic Scales | |
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Organic Deposits | |
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Mixed Organic/Inorganic Deposits | |
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Formation Damage Induced by Completion-Fluids and Crude-Oil Emulsions | |
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Wettability Alteration and Emulsion and Water Blocks 960 Intense Heat Treatment | |
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Sand Control | |
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Well Stimulation | |
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Recaputalization of the Methods for Formation Damage Mitigation | |
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Sandstone and Carbonate Formation Acidizing | |
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Water Injectivity Management | |
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Controlling the Adverse Side Effects of Remedial Treatments | |
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Reservoir Formation Damage Abatement - Guidelines, Methodology Preventive Maintenance and Remediation Treatments | |
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Introduction | |
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Comprehensive Methodology for Mitigation of Formation Damage | |
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Treatment Fluid Application Methods | |
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Thermal and Hydraulic Coupling of Wellbore with Reservoir During Remedial Fluid Treatments Illustrated for Hydraulically Fractured Well Acidizing | |
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References | |
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Index | |