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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Note on Transcription | |
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| The Rise of Russia in the Seventeenth Century, 1613-1689 | |
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| The Romanov Dynasty: Mikhail | |
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| The Romanov Dynasty: Aleksei | |
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| Interlude | |
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| The Ruling System | |
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| Russia's Economy, Society, and Culture | |
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| Women and Men in Early Modern Russia | |
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| The Geographical Challenge | |
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| Within and Without Russia | |
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| Cossacks | |
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| Religion and Foreigners | |
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| Great Power, 1689-1796 | |
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| Peter's Significance | |
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| Russia and the Law; Peter and the Networks | |
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| Peter the Great: Russia's Europeanization | |
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| Peter: Man and Myth | |
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| Romanov Expansion Eastward: Siberia's Conquest | |
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| Cultural and Technological Transfer: Russia's Key to Survival | |
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| Female Rule | |
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| The Academy of Sciences and Russian Culture | |
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| Anna's Autocracy | |
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| Elizabeth | |
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| Catherine the Greats Significance | |
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| Sophie von Anhalt-Zerbst: Russia and the Enlightenment | |
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| The Limits of Catherine's Power: Foreigner, Woman, Murderess, or an Autocratic Facade? | |
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| Poland Partitioned: New Russia | |
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| The Height and Decline of Imperial Russia, 1789-1855 | |
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| The Limitations of the Autocracy | |
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| Paul and Suvorov | |
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| Speranskii | |
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| The War of 1812 | |
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| The Congress of Vienna | |
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| Perennial Backwardness? | |
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| Stagnation: The Decembrists and the Third Department | |
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| The Birth of the Intelligentsia | |
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| Greece and Poland | |
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| Russian Colonialism | |
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| The Great Game | |
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| The Great Game in Central Asia | |
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| The Age of Pushkin, Gogol, and Lermontov | |
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| Domestic Convulsions, 1855-1905 | |
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| The Watershed | |
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| The Crimean War | |
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| The Abolition of Serfdom | |
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| Other Reforms: The Courts and Local Government | |
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| The Culmination of the Reforms: The Army | |
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| The Polish Question Revisited | |
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| Counterreform? | |
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| Revolutionaries | |
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| Cultural Brilliance | |
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| Fatal Contradictions; Industrialization and Urbanization | |
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| Land Hunger | |
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| Marxism and Peasant Socialism | |
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| Liberalism and Conservatism | |
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| Non-Russian Nationalism | |
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| Fatal Foreign Entanglements and a Failed Revolution, 1877-1914 | |
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| The Russo-Turkish War and Pan-Slavism | |
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| Russia as an Imperialist Power in East Asia | |
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| The Russo-Japanese War | |
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| Political Opposition | |
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| The 1905 Revolution | |
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| The End of the Revolution | |
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| Stolypin and the Tsar | |
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| Peasants into Farmers | |
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| Industrialization and Economic Growth: Strikes | |
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| The Bosnian Crisis of 1908 and the Balkan Wars; The Alliance System | |
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| Women | |
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| Religion | |
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| Ballets Russes, Silver Age: Decadence, the Empire's Last Hurrah, or Cassandra | |
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| Forging Soviet Civilization, 1914-1924 | |
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| The First World War | |
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| Provisional Government and Soviets | |
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| The Bolsheviks | |
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| Going Boldly Where No One Went Before | |
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| How to Build a Communist Society | |
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| Destroying an Empire | |
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| Empire and Comintern | |
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| Cheka and Gulag: The Beginnings | |
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| A Sham Democracy | |
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| Victory in War, Retreat in Peace | |
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| The Soviet Federation | |
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| Soviet Women | |
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| The Inevitable Triumph of Stalinism? 1924-1941 | |
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| Lenin and Stalin | |
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| The 1920s Intermezzo and the Great Turn | |
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| Bolshevik Farming | |
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| Collectivization and Dekulakization | |
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| Famine | |
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| Industrialization | |
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| Culture and Religion | |
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| The Gulag Archipelago | |
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| The Great Terror | |
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| A Potemkin Country | |
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| Was Stalinism Really Necessary? | |
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| The Great Patriotic War and the Cold War, 1941-1953 | |
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| The Second World War | |
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| The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact | |
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| Before Barbarossa | |
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| Barbarossa and Beyond | |
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| Soviet Resolve | |
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| The Victor's Spoils; Teheran, Yalta, and Potsdam | |
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| Postwar Reconstruction | |
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| Foreign Affairs | |
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| Embattled Leader of the "Second World," 1953-1982 | |
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| At the Apex | |
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| The Struggle for Stalin's Mantle | |
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| Champion of the Third World | |
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| Mao, Khrushchev, and Beyond | |
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| The "Secret" Speech and Its Consequences | |
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| Khrushchev's Domestic Program and Fall | |
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| Collective Leadership and Leonid Brezhnev | |
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| The Fall of the Soviet Union and Beyond, 1982-2013 | |
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| Religion and Nationalism | |
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| Brezhnev's Successors | |
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| Glasnost' and Perestroika | |
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| Gorbachev Reforms His Country | |
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| Gorbachev Embattled | |
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| Russia and Its Former Colonies | |
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| Change and Continuity in Russia | |
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| Vladimir Putin | |
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| Past and Present | |
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| Chronology | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Author | |