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| List of Illustrations | |
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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Slow Transition from Classical to Medieval World | |
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| The Transformation of Classical Civilization: The Political and Economic Story through the Fifth Century CE | |
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| What Made Rome? | |
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| The First Two Centuries of the Empire (37 BCE-200 CE) | |
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| Breakdown of the System in That Terrible Third Century | |
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| The Transformation of the Roman Empire (268-395): The Middle Ages Begin | |
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| Last Western Emperors | |
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| Perspectives on the Fall of the Western Empire | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Web Sites | |
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| The Transformation of Classical Civilization: Religion and Culture through the Fifth Century CE | |
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| The Quest for Meaning in the Pagan World | |
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| Rise of Christianity | |
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| Creators of the Christian Church | |
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| Latin Church Fathers | |
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| Women's Role in the Late Empire | |
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| Learning and the Arts | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Web Sites | |
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| Warriors, Farmers, and Saints in the Barbarian Kingdoms (200-600) | |
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| The Barbarian Background | |
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| Challenges to Assimilation | |
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| The German Kingdoms | |
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| Franks and the Merovingian Kingdom | |
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| Conversions, Saints, and Irish Christianity | |
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| Rome and the Roman Church | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Web Sites | |
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| Byzantine Empire: A Struggle for Unity and Regaining Past Glory (451-630) | |
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| Internal Conflicts in Byzantium (451-527) | |
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| Age of Justinian and Theodora (527-565) | |
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| Asian Tribes, Overextension, and Division in the Post-Justinian Era | |
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| Life in the Divided Byzantium (451-630) | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Web Sites | |
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| Islam: The Religion, Politics, and Culture (570-1000) | |
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| The Rise of Islam | |
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| Islam in Contact with Christianity | |
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| Problem of Succession | |
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| Islamic Society | |
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| Islamic States Mature | |
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| Pax Islamica | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Web Sites | |
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| Central Middle Ages | |
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| Technology, Society, and Politics in Early Medieval West (600-750) | |
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| Perspective on Technology | |
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| Britain's Anglo-Saxon Renaissance While Iberian Peninsula Struggles | |
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| Late Merovingian Gaul | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Web Sites | |
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| The Age of Charlemagne (750-814) | |
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| Manorial Life: Peasants, Nobility, and Clergy | |
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| The Changing Landscape | |
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| Charlemagne as King of the Franks | |
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| Charlemagne, the King Who Ruled | |
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| Women in the Carolingian Era | |
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| Charlemagne as Church Leader | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Web Sites | |
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| Europe: Disunited, Assaulted, and Saved (814-1024) | |
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| Disintegration of Charlemagne's Empire | |
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| The Vikings at Home | |
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| Vikings Southward, Southwestward | |
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| Vikings and Muslims in the Frankish Kingdoms and Iberia | |
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| Northmen in Russia, Eastern Europe, and Byzantium | |
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| The Norsemen in the Atlantic: Iceland, Greenland, and North America | |
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| Germany, Italy, and the Holy Roman Empire | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Web Sites | |
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| New Devotion, Growth of Towns, and Commerce (950-1100) | |
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| The Beginnings of Monastic Reforms: Cluny and the Benedictine Centuries | |
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| Investiture Struggle | |
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| Reurbanization in the Great Turnaround (1000-1200) | |
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| Expansion of Long- and Short-Distance Commerce | |
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| Technology and Towns Alter Cultural Roles | |
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| Development of Feudal States | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Web Sites | |
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| High Middle Ages | |
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| The Era of the First Crusade (1071-1097) | |
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| The East on the Eve of the First Crusade | |
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| First Crusade | |
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| Technology Innovations and Transfers | |
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| Peasants, Monks, Lords, and Land | |
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| Intellectual Revival | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Web Sites | |
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| The Renaissance of the Twelfth Century | |
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| The Western Kingdoms | |
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| Rise of Universities | |
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| Wine, Women, Song, and Counterculture | |
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| Islamic Learning and Its Assimilation in the West | |
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| Second Crusade | |
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| The Greek and Slavic East | |
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| Western Europe at End of Century | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Web Sites | |
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| The Flowering of the Middle Ages (ca. 1150-1300) | |
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| Just Law, Just War, and Monarchy | |
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| Fair Price and Medieval Economic Theory | |
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| Monastic Reforms, Poverty, and Property | |
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| The Conflict over Reason | |
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| Medicine as Science | |
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| History and Historians: Breaking with Classical Tradition | |
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| Gothic Art and Architecture | |
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| The Romances | |
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| Women and Gender Relations | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Web Sites | |
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| The Transition from the Medieval to Modern Periods | |
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| Falcons, Swords, Occam's Razor, and Germs: From Bouvines to the Black Death (1214-1347) | |
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| Empire from Frederick II to the Hapsburgs | |
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| The Papacy and Crusades Gone Awry | |
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| France | |
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| England, Scotland, and Ireland | |
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| Iberia and Northern Italy | |
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| Northern and Eastern Europe | |
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| Aristocrats, Peasants, and Burghers in Transition | |
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| Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Science | |
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| Economic Downturn and Black Death | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Web Sites | |
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| Conformity, Creativity, and Authority (1350-1500) | |
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| Nonconformists and Non-Christians | |
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| Italy, the Paradox | |
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| Art and Architecture in Italy: A Renovatio | |
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| Italian Literature and Letters | |
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| Art and Letters in Northern Europe and Arabia | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Web Sites | |
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| The Medieval Twilight in Europe and Western Asia: Decay and Discovery | |
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| Science and Technology | |
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| Spain Unites, Portugal Excepted | |
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| British Isles and Civil Strife | |
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| France: Apanages, Taxes, and Wars | |
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| Holy Roman Empire and Eastern Europe | |
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| Byzantium, Turks, Tamerlane and Muslim East | |
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| "Pessimism and the Ideal of the Sublime Life" | |
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| Demographic Trends and Witchcraft | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Notes | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Suggested Web Sites | |
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| Epilogue: The Legacy of the Middle Ages | |
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| Roman Empire to 500 | |
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| 500 to 1500 | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Author | |