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| Preface | |
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| Activity, Fitness, and Health | |
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| Physical Activity and Health | |
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| The Best of Times and Worst of Times for Physical Activity Professionals | |
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| Connections Between Physical Activity and Health | |
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| What We Know About Physical Activity, Fitness, and Health | |
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| Physical Activity and Prevention of Premature Health Problems | |
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| Implications for Fitness Professionals | |
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| What Is Necessary to Promote Physical Activity | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Physical Fitness and Performance | |
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| Physical Fitness Goals | |
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| Performance Goals | |
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| Components of Physical Fitness and Performance | |
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| Behaviors That Support Fitness and Performance Components | |
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| Common Behaviors for Fitness and Health | |
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| Setting Fitness Goals | |
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| Taking Control of Personal Health Status | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Health Appraisal | |
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| Evaluating Health Status | |
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| Making Fitness Program | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Evaluation of Fitness | |
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| Energy Costs of Physical Activity | |
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| Ways to Measure Energy Expenditure | |
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| Ways to Express Energy Expenditure | |
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| Equations for Estimating the Energy Cost of Activities | |
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| Energy Requirements of Walking, Running, Cycle Ergometry, and Stepping | |
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| Energy Requirements of Other Activities | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Cardiorespiratory Fitness | |
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| Why Test Cardiorespiratory Fitness? | |
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| Risks of CRF Testing | |
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| Testing Sequence | |
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| Field Tests | |
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| Graded Exercise Tests | |
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| Common Variables Measured During a GXT | |
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| Procedures for Graded Exercise Testing | |
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| When to Use Submaximal and Maximal Tests | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Body Composition | |
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| Health and Body Composition | |
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| Methods for Assessing Body Composition | |
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| Calculating Target Body Weight | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Nutrition | |
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| Six Classes of Essential Nutrients | |
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| Assessing Dietary Intake | |
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| Recommendations for Dietary Intake | |
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| Diet, Exercise, and the Blood Lipid Profile | |
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| Nutrition for Physically Active Individuals | |
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| Female Athlete Triad | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Assessment of Muscular Fitness | |
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| Preliminary Considerations | |
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| Muscular Strength | |
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| Local Muscular Endurance | |
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| Special Considerations: Older Adults | |
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| Special Considerations: Coronary Prone Clients | |
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| Considerations when evaluating strength in youth | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Flexibility and Low Back Function | |
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| Factors Affecting ROM | |
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| ROM and Low Back Function | |
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| Measuring Spine and Hip-Joint ROM | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Exercise Prescription for Health and Fitness | |
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| Exercise Prescription for Cardiorespiratory Fitness | |
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| Prescribing Exercise | |
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| Short- and Long-Term Responses to Exercise | |
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| Public Health Recommendations for Physical Activity | |
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| General Guidelines for CRF Programs | |
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| Formulating the Exercise Prescription | |
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| Determining Intensity | |
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| Exercise Recommendations for the Untested Masses | |
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| Exercise Programming for the Fit Population | |
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| Exercise Prescriptions Using Complete GXT Results | |
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| Program Selection | |
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| Environmental Concerns | |
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| Exercise and Cold Exposure | |
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| Effect of Air Pollution | |
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| Effect of Altitude | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Exercise Prescription for Weight Management | |
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| Increasing Prevalence of Obesity in the United States | |
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| Etiology of Obesity | |
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| Maintaining a Healthy Weight | |
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| Behavior Modification Techniques for Weight Loss and Maintenance | |
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| Gimmicks and Gadgets for Weight Loss | |
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| Disordered Eating Patterns | |
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| Strategies for Gaining Weight | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Exercise Prescription for Muscular Strength and Endurance Training | |
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| Principles of Training | |
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| Considerations for Program Design | |
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| Types of Resistance Training | |
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| Modes of Resistance Training | |
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| Safety Issues | |
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| Resistance Training Guidelines | |
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| Overreaching and Overtraining | |
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| Resistance Training Systems | |
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| Resistance Training for Special Populations | |
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| Exercise Prescription Summary for Resistance Training | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Exercise Prescription for Flexibility and Low Back Function | |
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| Anatomy of the Spine | |
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| Spinal Movement | |
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| Mechanics of the Spine and Hip Joint | |
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| Low Back Pain: A Repetitive Microtrauma Injury | |
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| Exercise Considerations: Preventive and Therapeutic | |
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| An Examination of Exercises That Involve Muscles of the Spine | |
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| An Examination of Exercises That Involve the Muscles of the Abdominal Wall | |
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| Prophylactic Exercises for Enhancing Low Back Function | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Exercise Leadership for Health and Fitness | |
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| Effective Leadership | |
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| Progression of Activities | |
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| Walk, Jog, Run Programs | |
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| Games | |
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| Aquatic Activities | |
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| Exercising to Music | |
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| Exercise Equipment | |
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| Circuit Training | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Special Populations | |
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| Exercise and Children and Youth | |
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| Response to Exercise | |
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| Special Considerations | |
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| Testing | |
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| Recommendations for Physical Activity | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Exercise and Older Adults | |
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| Overview | |
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| Effects of Aging on Fitness | |
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| Special Considerations Regarding Exercise Testing | |
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| Exercise Prescription | |
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| Epilogue | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Exercise and Women's Health | |
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| Pregnancy and Exercise | |
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| Osteoporosis | |
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| Female Athlete Triad | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Exercise and Coronary Heart Disease | |
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| Atherosclerosis | |
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| Populations in Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs | |
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| Evidence That Exercise Training Plays a Role | |
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| Special Diagnostic Tests to Detect CHD | |
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| Typical Exercise Prescription | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Exercise and Obesity | |
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| Potential Causes | |
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| Role of Physical Activity in Prevention and Treatment of Obesity | |
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| Special Medical Screening | |
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| Exercise Prescription | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Exercise and Diabetes | |
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| Overview | |
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| Comparison of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes | |
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| Importance of Exercise for Diabetic Clients | |
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| Screening and Testing Diabetic Clients | |
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| Exercise Prescription | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Exercise, Asthma, and Pulmonary Disease | |
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| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases | |
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| Restrictive Lung Diseases | |
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| Evidence That Exercise Plays a Role | |
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| Testing and Evaluation | |
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| Typical Exercise Prescription in Pulmonary Diseases | |
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| Medications for Pulmonary Diseases | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Exercise Programming | |
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| Behavior Modification | |
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| Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change | |
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| Promoting Exercise: Targeting Precontemplators and Contemplators | |
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| Enhancing Adherence: Methods of Behavior Change for Participants in the Action and Maintenance Stages | |
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| Relapse Prevention | |
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| Health Fitness Counseling | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Mindful Exercise for Fitness Professionals | |
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| Introduction and Key Features of Mindful Exercise | |
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| Origins | |
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| Yoga | |
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| Qigong Exercise and Tai Chi | |
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| Contemporary Mindful Exercise Programs | |
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| Mindful Exercise Outcome Indicators and Benefits | |
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| Final Word | |
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| Case Study | |
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| Exercise Related to ECG and Medications | |
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| Understanding the Structure of the Heart | |
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| Oxygen Use by the Heart | |
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| Electrophysiology of the Heart | |
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| Conduction System of the Heart | |
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| Basic Information for Interpreting the ECG | |
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| Cardiovascular Medications | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Injury Prevention and Treatment | |
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| Preventing Injuries | |
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| Injury Treatment | |
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| Environmental Concerns | |
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| Medical Concerns | |
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| Common Orthopedic Problems | |
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| CPR and Emergency Procedures | |
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| Rescue Breathing, CPR, and Use of the Automated External Defibrillator | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Program Administration/Management | |
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| Strategic Operating Planning | |
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| Managing and Evaluating Personnel | |
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| Developing a Successful Program | |
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| Safety and Legal Concerns | |
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| Developing a Budget | |
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| Equipment and Record Keeping | |
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| Quality Assessment Measures | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Scientific Foundations | |
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| Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics | |
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| Understanding Skeletal Anatomy | |
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| Structure and Function of the Joints | |
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| Factors That Determine Direction and Range of Motion | |
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| Voluntary (Skeletal) Muscle | |
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| Tips for Exercising Muscle Groups and Some Common Exercise Mistakes | |
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| Muscle Group Involvement in Selected Activities | |
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| Basic Mechanical Concepts Related to Human Movement | |
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| Common Mechanical Errors During Locomotion, Throwing, and Striking | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Exercise Physiology | |
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| Relationship of Energy and Work | |
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| Understanding Muscle Structure and Function | |
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| Metabolic, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Responses to Exercise | |
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| Graded Exercise Test | |
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| Effects of Endurance Training and Detraining on Physiological Responses to Exercise | |
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| Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise for Females and Males | |
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| Cardiovascular Responses to Isometric Exercise and Weightlifting | |
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| Regulating Body Temperature | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Case Study Answers | |
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| Calculation of Oxygen Uptake and Carbon Dioxide Production | |
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| Energy Costs of Various Physical Activities | |
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| Medications and Their Effects | |
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| Evaluation of Fitness | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Authors | |
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| About the Contributors | |