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| The Adversaries: Parasites | |
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| Microbes as Parasites | |
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| The Varieties of Microbes | |
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| Living Inside or Outside Cells | |
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| Systems of Classification | |
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| The Organisms | |
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| Bacteria | |
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| Viruses | |
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| Fungi | |
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| Protozoa | |
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| Helminths and Arthropods | |
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| Prions | |
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| The Host-Parasite Relationship | |
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| The Normal Flora | |
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| Symbiotic Association | |
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| The Characteristics of Parasitism | |
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| The Evolution of Parasitism | |
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| The Adversaries: Host Defenses | |
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| The Innate Defenses of the Body | |
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| Defense Against Entry into the Body | |
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| Defenses Once the Microorganism Penetrates the Body | |
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| Adaptive Responses - a Quantum Leap in Effective Defense | |
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| The Role of Antibodies | |
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| The Role of T Lymphocytes/MHC | |
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| Extracellular Attack on Large Infectious Agents | |
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| Local Defenses at Mucosal Surfaces | |
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| The Cellular Basis of Adaptive Immune Responses | |
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| B and T Cell Receptors | |
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| Selection & Clonal Expansion of Lymphocytes | |
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| Role of Memory Cells | |
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| T-independent and T-dependent Antigens | |
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| Cytokines | |
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| Regulatory Mechanisms | |
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| Tolerance Mechanisms | |
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| Conflicts | |
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| Conflicts: Background to Infectious Disease | |
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| Host-Parasite Relationships | |
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| Causes of Infectious Diseases | |
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| The Biologic Response Gradient | |
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| Entry, Exit and Transmission | |
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| Sites of Entry | |
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| Exit and Transmission | |
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| Types of Transmission | |
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| Transmission from Animals | |
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| Innate Defenses in Action | |
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| Complement | |
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| C-reactive Protein | |
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| Phagocytosis | |
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| Cytotoxicity by Lymphocytes and Natural Killer Cells | |
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| Cytotoxic Lipids | |
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| Cytokines | |
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| Fever | |
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| Spread and Replication | |
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| Features of Surface and Systemic Infections | |
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| Mechanisms of Spread through the Body | |
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| Genetic Determinants of Spread and Replication | |
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| Other Factors Affecting Spread and Replication | |
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| Adaptive Immunity in Action | |
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| Parasite Survival Strategies and Persistent Infections | |
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| Parasite Survival Strategies | |
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| Concealment of Antigens | |
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| Antigenic Variation | |
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| Immunosuppression | |
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| Persistent Infections | |
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| Pathologic Consequences of Infection | |
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| Pathology Due to Direct Effects of the Microorganism | |
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| Pathologic Activation of Innate Immune Mechanisms | |
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| Pathologic Consequences of the Adaptive Immune Response | |
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| Skin Rashes | |
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| Viruses and Cancer | |
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| Microbes & Diseases of obscure origin | |
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| Clinical Manifestations And Diagnosis Of Infections By Body System | |
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| Upper Respiratory Tract Infections | |
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| The Clinical Manifestations of Infection | |
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| The Common Cold | |
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| Pharyngitis and Tonsillitis | |
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| Otitis and Sinusitis | |
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| Acute Epiglottitis | |
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| Oral Cavity Infections | |
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| Laryngitis and Tracheitis | |
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| Diphtheria | |
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| Summary | |
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| Lower Respiratory Tract Infections | |
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| Acute Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract | |
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| Chronic Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract | |
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| Parasitic Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract | |
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| Summary | |
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| Urinary Tract Infections | |
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| Acquisition and Etiology | |
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| Pathogenesis of UTIs | |
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| Clinical Features and Complications | |
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| Laboratory Diagnosis of UTIs | |
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| Treatment of UTIs | |
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| Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections | |
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| Summary | |
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| Sexually Transmitted Diseases | |
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| STDs and Sexual Behavior | |
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| Syphilis | |
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| Gonorrhea | |
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| Chlamydial Infection | |
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| Other Causes of Inguinal Lymphadenopathy | |
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| Mycoplasmas and Non-gonococcal Urethritis | |
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| Other Causes of Vaginitis and Urethritis | |
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| Genital Herpes | |
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| Human Papillomavirus Infection | |
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| HIV and AIDS | |
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| Opportunistic STDs | |
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| Arthropod Infestations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Gastrointestinal Tract Infections | |
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| Diarrheal Diseases | |
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| Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Ulcer Disease | |
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| Parasites and the Gastrointestinal Tract | |
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| Systemic Infection Initiated in the Gastrointestinal Tract | |
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| Hepatitis & other diseases of liver | |
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| Summary | |
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| Obstetric and Perinatal Infections | |
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| Infections Occurring in Pregnancy | |
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| Congenital Infections | |
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| Infections Occurring Around the Time of Birth | |
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| Central Nervous System Infections | |
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| Invasion of the Central Nervous System | |
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| The Body's Response to Invasion | |
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| Bacterial Meningitis | |
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| Fungal Meningitis | |
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| Protozoal Meningitis | |
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| Viral Meningitis | |
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| Encephalitis | |
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| Neurologic Diseases of Possible Viral Etiology | |
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| Slow Virus Infection | |
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| Brain Absceses | |
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| Encephalopathy Due to Scrapie-type Agents | |
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| Postvaccinial and Postinfectious Encephalitis | |
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| CNS Disease Due to Helminth Parasties | |
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| Tetanus and Botulism | |
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| Summary | |
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| Infections of the Eye | |
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| Conjunctivitis | |
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| Infection of the Deeper Layers of the Eye | |
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| Infections of Skin | |
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| Infections of the Skin | |
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| Bacterial Infections of Skin, Soft Tissue and Muscle | |
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| Mycobacterial Diseases of the Skin | |
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| Fungal Infections of the Skin | |
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| Parasitic Infections of the Skin | |
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| Mucocutaneous Lesions Caused by Viruses | |
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| Other Infectious Causes of Maculopapular Rashes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Infections of Muscle, Joints, Bone and Hemopoietic System | |
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| Kawasaki Syndrome | |
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| Muscle infections | |
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| Joint and Bone Infections | |
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| Infections of the Hemopoietic System | |
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| Worldwide Virus Infections | |
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| Measles | |
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| Mumps | |
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| Rubella | |
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| Cytomegalovirus Infection | |
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| EBV Infection | |
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| Other Human Herpesvirus (HHV) Infections | |
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| Smallpox | |
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| Summary | |
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| Vector-borne Infections | |
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| Arboviruses and Hemorrhagic Fevers | |
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| Rickettsial Infections | |
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| Borrelia Infections | |
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| Protozoal Infections | |
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| Helminth Infections | |
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| Zoonoses | |
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| Arenavirus Infections | |
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| Korean Hemorrhagic Fever | |
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| Marburg and Ebola Hemorrhagic Fevers | |
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| Q Fever | |
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| Anthrax | |
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| Plague | |
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| Yersinia enterocolitica Infection | |
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| Tularemia | |
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| Pasteurella multocida Infection | |
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| Leptospirosis | |
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| Rat Bite Fever | |
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| Brucellosis | |
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| Helminth Infections | |
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| Fever of Unknown Origin | |
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| Definitions of Fever of Unknown Origin | |
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| Causes of FUO | |
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| Investigation of Classical FUO | |
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| Treatment of FUO | |
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| FUO in Specific Patient Groups | |
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| Infective Endocarditis | |
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| Summary | |
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| Infections in the Compromised Host | |
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| The Compromised Host | |
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| Deficient Innate Immunity | |
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| Deficient Adaptive Immunity | |
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| Pathogens that Infect the Compromised Host | |
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| Clinical management of compromised host | |
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| Summary | |
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| Diagnosis And Control | |
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| Strategies for Control: An Introduction | |
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| Epidemiologic considerations | |
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| Importance of diagnosis | |
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| Chemotherapy Versus Vaccination | |
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| Control Versus Eradication | |
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| Diagnosis of Infection and Assessment of Host Defense Mechanisms | |
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| Aims of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory | |
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| Specimen Protocols | |
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| Non-cultural Techniques for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Infection | |
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| Cultivation (Culture) of Microorganisms | |
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| Identification of Microorganisms Grown in Culture | |
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| Antibody Detection Methods for the Diagnosis of Infection | |
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| Assessment of Host Defense Systems | |
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| Attacking the Enemy: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy | |
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| Selective Toxicity Discovery and Design of Antimicrobial Agents | |
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| Classification of Antibacterial Agents | |
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| Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis | |
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| Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis | |
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| Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis | |
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| Other Agents That Affect DNA | |
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| Inhibitors of Cytoplastic Membrane Function | |
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| Antibacterial Agents in Practice | |
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| Antiviral Agents | |
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| Antifungal and Antiparasitic Agents | |
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| Use and Misuse of Antimicrobial Agents | |
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| Resistance to Antimicrobials | |
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| Summary | |
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| Boosting Host Defense: Vaccination | |
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| The Aims of Vaccination | |
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| Requirements of a Good Vaccine | |
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| Types of Vaccine | |
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| Special Considerations | |
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| Current Vaccine Practice | |
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| Community-based Control by Vaccination | |
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| Factors Influencing the Success of Vaccination | |
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| Passive and Non-specific Immunotherapy | |
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| Passive Immunization with Antibody | |
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| Non-specific Cellular Immunostimulation | |
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| Correction of Host Immunodeficiency | |
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| Hospital Infection: Sterilization and Disinfection | |
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| Common Hospital-acquired Infections | |
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| Important Causes of Hospital Infection | |
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| Sources and Routes of Spread of Hospital Infection | |
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| Host Factors and Hospital Infection | |
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| The Consequences of Hospital Infection | |
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| Prevention of Hospital Infection | |
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| Investigating Hospital Infection | |
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| Sterilization and Disinfection | |
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| Deciding Whether Sterilization or Disinfection Should Be Used | |
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| Techniques for Sterilization | |
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| Controlling Sterilization and Disinfection | |
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| Summary | |
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| Pathogen Review | |
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| Answers | |
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| Index | |
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| Protocols for Specimen Processing | |
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| Protocols for Specimen Processing | |
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| Specimen Collection | |
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| Transport of Specimens | |
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| Specimen Processing | |