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Welcome to Chemistry in the Community | |
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Preface | |
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ChemCom Media | |
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Water: Exploring Solutions | |
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Sources and Uses of Water | |
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Town in Crisis | |
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Water, Water Everywhere | |
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Making Decisions Uses of Water | |
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Investigating Matter Foul Water | |
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Water Supply and Demand | |
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Developing Skills Water Use in the United States | |
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Where is the World's Water? | |
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Making Decisions Water-Use Analysis | |
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Making Decisions Riverwood Water Use | |
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Section A Summary | |
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Looking at Water and its Contaminants | |
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Physical Properties of Water | |
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Developing Skills Density | |
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Mixtures and Solutions | |
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Particulate View of Water | |
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Modeling Matter Pictures in the Mind | |
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Symbols, Formulas, and Equations | |
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Developing Skills Symbols, Formulas, and Equations | |
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The Electrical Nature of Matter | |
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Ions and Ionic Compounds | |
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Developing Skills Ionic Compounds | |
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Investigating Matter Water Testing | |
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Pure and Impure Water | |
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Making Decisions The Riverwood Water Mystery | |
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What Are the Possibilities? | |
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Chemistry at Work Environmental Cleanup | |
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Section B Summary | |
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Investigating the Cause of the Fish Kill | |
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Solubility of Solids in Water | |
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Developing Skills Solubility and Solubility Curves | |
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Investigating Matter Constructing a Solubility Curve | |
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Dissolving Ionic Compounds | |
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Modeling Matter The Dissolving Process | |
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Solution Concentration | |
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Developing Skills Describing Solution Concentrations | |
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Inappropriate Heavy-Metal Ion Concentrations? | |
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Inappropriate pH Levels? | |
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Inappropriate Molecular Substance Concentrations? | |
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Investigating Matter Solvents | |
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Inappropriate Dissolved Oxygen Levels? | |
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Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, and Life | |
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Making Decisions Determining the Cause of the Fish Kill | |
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Section C Summary | |
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Water Purification and Treatment | |
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Natural Water Purification | |
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Municipal Water Purification | |
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Making Decisions Water Purification | |
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Chlorination of Water | |
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Chlorination and THMs | |
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Making Decisions Bottled Water Versus Tap Water | |
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Investigating Matter Water Softening | |
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Water and Water Softening | |
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Chemistry at Work Purifying Water | |
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Section D Summary | |
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Putting It All Together Fish Kill-Finding the Solution | |
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Looking Back and Looking Ahead | |
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Materials: Structure and Uses | |
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Why We Use What We Do | |
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Properties Make the Difference | |
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Developing Skills Physical and Chemical Properties | |
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Properties Matter: Designing the Penny | |
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The Chemical Elements | |
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Investigating Matter Metal or Nonmetal? | |
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The Periodic Table | |
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Making Decisions Grouping the Elements | |
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The Pattern of Atomic Numbers | |
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Developing Skills Periodic Variation in Properties | |
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Periodic Table of the Elements | |
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Organization of the Periodic Table | |
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Developing Skills Predicting Properties | |
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What Determines Properties? | |
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Making Decisions It's Only Money | |
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Chart of the Elements | |
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Section A Summary | |
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Earth's Mineral Resources | |
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Sources and Uses of Metals | |
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Making Decisions Production Versus Use | |
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Investigating Matter Converting Copper | |
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Metal Reactivity | |
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Investigating Matter Relative Reactivities of Metals | |
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Metals: Properties and Uses | |
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Discovery of Metals | |
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Developing Skills Trends in Metal Activity | |
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Mining and Refining | |
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Modeling Matter Electrons and Redox Processes | |
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Section B Summary | |
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Conserving Matter | |
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Keeping Track of Atoms | |
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Developing Skills Accounting for Atoms | |
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Nature's Conservation: Balanced Chemical Equations | |
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Developing Skills Writing Chemical Equations | |
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Introducing the Mole Concept | |
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Developing Skills Molar Masses | |
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Equations and Molar Relationships | |
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Developing Skills Molar Relationships | |
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Composition of Materials | |
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Developing Skills Percent Composition | |
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Investigating Matter Retrieving Copper | |
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Conservation in the Community | |
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Making Decisions Rethinking, Reusing, Replacing, and Recycling | |
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The Life Cycle of a Material | |
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Developing Skills Copper Life-Cycle Analysis | |
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Making Decisions Designing a Coin | |
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Section C Summary | |
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Materials: Designing for Desired Properties | |
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Structure and Properties: Allotropes | |
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A Case of Elusive Identity | |
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Developing Skills Linking Properties to Structure | |
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Engineered Materials | |
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Making Decisions Alternatives to Metals | |
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Investigating Matter Striking It Rich | |
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Combining Atoms: Alloys & Semiconductors | |
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Five Cents' Worth | |
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Modifying Surfaces | |
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Chemistry at Work All That's Gold Doesn't Glitter...or Does it? | |
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Investigating Matter Copper Plating | |
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Making Decisions More Coin Design Considerations | |
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Section D Summary | |
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Putting It All Together Making Money: Selecting the Best Coin Design | |
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Looking Back and Looking Ahead | |
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Petroleum: Breaking and Making Bonds | |
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Petroleum: What is it? | |
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What Is Petroleum? | |
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Investigating Matter Separation by Distillation | |
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Petroleum Refining | |
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Examining Petroleum's Molecules | |
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Developing Skills Hydrocarbon Boiling Points | |
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Chemical Bonding | |
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Investigating Matter Modeling Alkanes | |
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Developing Skills Trends in Alkane Boiling Points | |
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Investigating Matter Alkanes Revisited | |
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Developing Skills Boiling Points of Alkane Isomers | |
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Making Decisions Fuels and Climate | |
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Section A Summary | |
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Petroleum: An Energy Source | |
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Energy Tracing | |
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Energy and Fossil Fuels | |
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Energy Conversion | |
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Developing Skills Automobile Energy Conversions | |
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Developing Skills Energy Efficiency | |
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Energy Conversion Efficiency | |
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Chemistry at Work Oil's Well That Ends Well: The Work of a Petroleum Geologist | |
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Investigating Matter Combustion | |
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Using Heats of Combustion | |
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A Burning Problem: Part I | |
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Developing Skills Heats of Combustion | |
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Altering Fuels | |
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A Burning Problem: Part II | |
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Making Decisions Fuel for Transportation | |
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Section B Summary | |
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Petroleum: A Building-Material Source | |
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Creating New Options: Petrochemicals | |
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Modeling Matter Polymer Structure and Properties | |
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Beyond Alkanes | |
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Investigating Matter The Builders | |
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More Builder Molecules | |
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Builder Molecules Containing Oxygen | |
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Condensation Polymers | |
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Investigating Matter Condensation | |
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Making Decisions Builder Molecules in Transportation | |
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Section C Summary | |
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Energy Alternatives to Petroleum | |
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Energy: Past and Present | |
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Developing Skills Fuel Sources over the Years | |
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Alternate Fuels and Energy Sources | |
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Investigating Matter Biodiesel Fuel | |
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Making Decisions Biodiesel as a Petroleum Substitute | |
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Alternate-Fuel Vehicles | |
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Making Decisions Evaluating Alternate-Fuel Options | |
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Section D Summary | |
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Putting It All Together Getting Mobile | |
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Looking Back and Looking Ahead | |
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Air: Chemistry and the Atmosphere | |
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Gases in the Atmosphere | |
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Structure of the Atmosphere | |
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Developing Skills Graphing Atmospheric Data | |
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Investigating Matter Properties of Gases | |
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Pressure | |
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Developing Skills Applications of Pressure | |
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Atmospheric Pressure | |
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Atoms and Molecules in Motion | |
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Pressure-Volume Behavior of Gases | |
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Developing Skills Predicting Gas Behavior: Pressure-Volume | |
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Investigating Matter Exploring Temperature-Volume Relationships | |
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Temperature-Volume Behavior of Gases | |
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Developing Skills Predicting Gas Behavior: Temperature-Volume | |
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Temperature-Pressure Behavior of Gases | |
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Developing Skills Using Gas Relationships | |
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Nonideal Gas Behavior | |
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Modeling Matter Understanding Kinetic Molecular Theory | |
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Ideal Gases and Molar Volume | |
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Developing Skills Molar Volume and Reactions of Gases | |
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The Ideal Gas Law | |
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Developing Skills Using the Ideal Gas Law | |
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Making Decisions Preparing to Explore the Bus-Idling Policy | |
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Section A Summary | |
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Radiation and Climate | |
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The Electromagnetic Spectrum and Solar Radiation | |
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Always Harmful? | |
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Earth's Energy Balance | |
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Developing Skills Solar Radiation | |
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Thermal Properties At Earth's Surface | |
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Developing Skills Thermal Properties of Materials | |
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Investigating Matter Specific Heat Capacity | |
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The Carbon Cycle | |
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Making Decisions Considering the Global Carbon Cycle | |
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Investigating Matter Carbon Dioxide Levels | |
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Modeling Matter Incomplete Combustion | |
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Greenhouse Gases and Global Change | |
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Developing Skills Trends in Atmospheric CO[subscript 2] Levels | |
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Making Decisions Considering Greenhouse Gases | |
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Section B Summary | |
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Acids in the Atmosphere | |
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Acid Rain | |
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The Rain in Maine ... | |
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Investigating Matter Making Acid Rain | |
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Chemistry at Work Using Chemistry to Bring Criminals to Justice | |
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Making Decisions Preventing Acid Rain | |
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Structure Determines Properties | |
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Developing Skills Acids and Bases | |
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Acidity, Molar Concentration, and pH | |
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Developing Skills Interpreting the pH Scale | |
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Strengths of Acids and Bases | |
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Modeling Matter Strong Versus Concentrated | |
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Acids, Bases, and Buffers | |
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Investigating Matter Buffers | |
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Making Decisions Considering Acid Rain | |
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Section C Summary | |
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Air Pollution: Sources, Effects, and Solutions | |
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Sources of Air Pollutants | |
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Developing Skills Identifying Major Air Contaminants | |
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Smog: Hazardous to Your Health | |
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Making Decisions Vehicles and Smog | |
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Stationary-Source Air Pollution Control and Prevention | |
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Limiting Reactants and Scrubbers | |
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Investigating Matter Cleansing Air | |
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Controlling Automobile Emissions | |
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Controlling Air Pollution | |
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Ozone and CFCs: A Continued Success Story | |
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Air-Quality Conclusions | |
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Section D Summary | |
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Putting It All Together Bus-Idling Policy and Air Quality | |
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Looking Back and Looking Ahead | |
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Industry: Applying Chemical Reactions | |
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Some Chemistry of Nitrogen | |
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Making Decisions Chemical Processing In Your Life | |
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Chemical Products | |
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Investigating Matter Fertilizer Components | |
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Fertilizer and the Nitrogen Cycle | |
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Making Decisions Plant Nutrients | |
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Modeling Matter The Nitrogen Cycle | |
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Investigating Matter Phosphates | |
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Fixing Nitrogen by Oxidation-Reduction | |
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Developing Skills Determining Oxidation States | |
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Section A Summary | |
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Nitrogen and Industry | |
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Kinetics and Equilibrium | |
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Developing Skills Chemical Systems at Equilibrium | |
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Investigating Matter Le Chatelier's Principle | |
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Industrial Synthesis of Ammonia | |
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Nitrogen's Other Face | |
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Developing Skills Explosive Nitrogen Chemistry | |
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From Raw Materials to Products | |
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The Top Chemicals | |
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Green Chemistry and Responsible Care | |
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Making Decisions What Does Riverwood Want? | |
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Section B Summary | |
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Metal Processing and Electrochemistry | |
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Electrolysis and Voltaic Cells | |
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Investigating Matter Voltaic Cells | |
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Voltaic Cells and Half-Reactions | |
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Developing Skills Getting Charged by Electrochemistry | |
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Batteries | |
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Battery Sizes | |
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Industrial Electrochemistry | |
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Moving Toward Greener Methods | |
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Making Decisions Asset or Liability? | |
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Chemistry at Work Searching for Solutions in Chemistry | |
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Section C Summary | |
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Putting It All Together A Chemical Plant for Riverwood? | |
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Looking Back | |
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Atoms: Nuclear Interactions | |
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The Nature of Atoms | |
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A Great Discovery | |
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Scientific Discoveries | |
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Nuclear Radiation | |
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The Gold-Foil Experiment | |
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Architecture of Atoms | |
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Developing Skills Interpreting Isotopic Notation | |
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Modeling Matter Isotopic Pennies | |
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Isotopes in Nature | |
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Developing Skills Molar Mass and Isotopic Abundance | |
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Making Decisions Fact or Fiction? | |
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Section A Summary | |
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Nuclear Radiation | |
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Exposure to Ionizing Radiation | |
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Radiation Exposure Standards | |
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Making Decisions Your Annual Ionizing-Radiation Dose | |
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Ionizing Radiation: How Much is Safe? | |
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Investigating Matter Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Radiation | |
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Natural Radioactive Decay | |
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Developing Skills Nuclear Balancing Act | |
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Radon | |
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Nuclear Radiation Detectors | |
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Investigating Matter Cloud Chambers | |
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Making Decisions Ensuring Public Safety | |
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Section B Summary | |
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Using Radioactivity | |
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Half-Life: A Radioactive Clock | |
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Carbon-14 Dating | |
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Modeling Matter Understanding Half-Life | |
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Developing Skills Applications of Half-Lives | |
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Radioisotopes in Medicine | |
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Using Radioisotopes in Medicine | |
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Nuclear Medicine Technologies | |
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Artificial Radioactivity | |
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Developing Skills Nuclear-Bombardment Reactions | |
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Transmutation of Elements | |
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Extending the Periodic Table | |
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Making Decisions Opinions About Radioactivity | |
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Section C Summary | |
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Nuclear Energy: Benefits and Burdens | |
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Unleashing Nuclear Forces | |
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Modeling Matter The Tumbling Domino Effect | |
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Nuclear Power Plants | |
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Chemistry at Work Nuclear Power in Action: Submarines | |
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Nuclear Fusion | |
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Making Decisions The Safest Journey | |
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Risk-Free Travel? | |
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Nuclear Waste: Pandora's Box | |
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Developing Skills Disposing of High- and Low-Level Waste | |
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Section D Summary | |
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Putting It All Together Communicating Scientific and Technical Information | |
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Food: Matter and Energy for Life | |
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Food as Energy | |
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Food Groups | |
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Making Decisions Diet and Food Groups | |
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Investigating Matter Snack-Food Energy | |
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Energy Flow: From the Sun to You | |
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How Does Your Garden Grow? | |
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Energy Release and Storage | |
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Developing Skills Energy in Action | |
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Energy In, Energy Out | |
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Making Decisions Gain Some, Lose Some | |
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Energy Intake and Expenditure | |
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Section A Summary | |
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Energy Storage and Use | |
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Carbohydrates: One Way to Combine C, H, and O | |
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Chemistry at Work Food for Thought | |
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Fats: Another Way to Combine C, H, and O Atoms | |
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Saturated and Unsaturated Fats | |
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Developing Skills Calories From Fat | |
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Hydrogenation | |
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Developing Skills Fats in the Diet | |
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Fat-Free Food? | |
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Limiting Reactants | |
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Modeling Matter Limiting-Reactant Analogies | |
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Developing Skills Limiting Reactants in Chemical Reactions | |
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Making Decisions Analyzing Fats and Carbohydrates | |
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Section B Summary | |
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Proteins, Enzymes, and Chemistry | |
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Proteins: Function and Structure | |
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Modeling Matter Molecular Structure of Proteins | |
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Protein in Your Diet | |
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Developing Skills Analyzing Daily Protein Requirements | |
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Investigating Matter Enzymes | |
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How Enzymes Work | |
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A Problem to Chew On | |
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Investigating Matter Amylase Tests | |
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Making Decisions Protein Content | |
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Section C Summary | |
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Other Substances in Foods | |
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Vitamins | |
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Developing Skills Vitamins in the Diet | |
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Investigating Matter Vitamin C | |
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Minerals: Essential Within All Diets | |
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Developing Skills Minerals in the Diet | |
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Food Additives | |
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Investigating Matter Analyzing Food-Coloring Additives | |
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Regulating Additives | |
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Nitrite Additives | |
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Artificial Sweeteners | |
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Developing Skills Food Additive Survey | |
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Making Decisions Analyzing Vitamins and Minerals | |
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Chemistry at Work Keeping Food Supplies Safe for Consumers | |
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Section D Summary | |
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Putting It All Together School Vending Choices: Guiding PTSA's Decisions | |
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Looking Back | |
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Appendices | |
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Glossary | |