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Preface | |
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General Aspects of Inheritance | |
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Genetics and the Organism | |
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Genes as Determinants of the Inherent Properties of Species | |
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Genetic Variation | |
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Methodologies Used in Genetics | |
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Genes, the Environment, and the Organism | |
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Patterns of Inheritance | |
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Mendel's Experiments | |
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Using Genetic Ratios | |
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Sex Chromosomes and Sex-Linked Inheritance | |
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Human Genetics | |
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Chromosomal Basis of Heredity | |
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Historical Development of the Chromosome Theory | |
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Mendelian Genetics in Eukaryotic Life Cycles | |
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Topography of the Chromosome Set | |
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Three-Dimensional Structure of Chromosomes | |
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Sequence Organization | |
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Gene Interaction | |
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From Genes to Phenotypes | |
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A Diagnostic Test for Alleles | |
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Interactions Between the Alleles of One Gene | |
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Gene Interaction and Modified Dihybrid Ratios | |
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Gene Interaction in Petal Color of Foxgloves | |
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Gene Interaction in Coat Color of Mammals | |
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Penetrance and Expressivity | |
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Chi-Square Test | |
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Genetic Mapping | |
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Basic Eukaryotic Chromosome Mapping | |
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The Discovery of Linkage | |
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Recombination | |
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Linkage Symbolism | |
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Linkage of Genes on the X Chromosome | |
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Linkage Maps | |
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Three-Point Testcross | |
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Interference | |
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Calculating Recombinant Frequencies from Selfed Dihybrids | |
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Examples of Linkage Maps | |
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Chi-Square Test for Linkage | |
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Mapping with Molecular Markers | |
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Linkage Mapping by Recombination in Humans | |
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Nature of Crossing-Over | |
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Specialized Eukaryotic Chromosome Mapping Techniques | |
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Accurate Calculation of Large Map Distances | |
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Analysis of Single Meioses | |
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Mapping Genes by Mitotic Segregation and Recombination | |
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Mapping by In Situ Hybridization | |
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Mapping Human Genes by Using Human-Rodent Somatic Cell Hybrids | |
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Gene Transfer in Bacteria and Their Viruses | |
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Working with Microorganisms | |
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Bacterial Conjugation | |
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Bacterial Transformation | |
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Bacteriophage Genetics | |
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Transduction | |
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Chromosome Mapping | |
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Bacterial Gene Transfer in Review | |
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Molecular Genetics | |
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The Structure and Replication of DNA | |
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DNA: The Genetic Material | |
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Structure of DNA | |
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Replication of DNA | |
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Mechanism of DNA Replication | |
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Genetics of DNA Function | |
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How Genes Work | |
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Gene-Protein Relations | |
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Genetic Fine Structure | |
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Mutational Sites | |
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Complementation | |
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Molecular Biology of Gene Function | |
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Properties of RNA | |
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Transcription | |
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Transcription and RNA Polymerase | |
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Eukaryotic RNA | |
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Translation | |
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Genetic Code | |
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Protein Synthesis | |
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Universality of Genetic Information Transfer | |
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Functional Division of Labor in the Gene Set | |
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Regulation of Gene Transcription | |
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Basic Control Circuits | |
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Discovery of the lac System: Negative Control | |
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Catabolite Repression of the lac Operon: Positive Control | |
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Positive and Negative Control | |
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Dual Positive and Negative Control: The Arabinose Operon | |
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Metabolic Pathways | |
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Additional Examples of Control: Attenuation | |
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Lambda Phage: A Complex of Operons | |
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Transcription: An Overview of Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes | |
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Regulation of Transcription Factors | |
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Epigenetic Inheritance | |
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Recombinant DNA Technology | |
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Making Recombinant DNA | |
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Cloning a Specific Gene | |
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Using Cloned DNA | |
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Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology | |
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In Vitro Mutagenesis | |
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RFLP Mapping | |
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Reverse Genetics | |
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Expressing Eukaryotic Genes in Bacteria | |
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Recombinant DNA Technology in Eukaryotes | |
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Gene Therapy | |
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Using Recombinant DNA to Detect Disease Alleles Directly | |
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Genomics | |
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Genomics: An Overview | |
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Genome Projects: Practical Considerations | |
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Structural Genomics | |
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Functional Genomics | |
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Generation of Genetic Variation | |
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Gene Mutation | |
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How DNA Changes Affect Phenotype | |
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Somatic Versus Germinal Mutation | |
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Mutant Types | |
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Occurrence of Mutations | |
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Selective Systems | |
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Mutation Induction | |
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Mutation and Cancer | |
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Mutagens in Genetic Dissection | |
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Mutation Breeding | |
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Mechanisms of Gene Mutation | |
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Molecular Basis of Gene Mutations | |
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Spontaneous Mutations | |
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Induced Mutations | |
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Reversion Analysis | |
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Relation Between Mutagens and Carcinogens | |
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Biological Repair Mechanisms | |
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Repair Defects and Human Diseases | |
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Chromosome Mutation I: Changes in Chromosome Structure | |
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Origin of Changes in Chromosome Structure | |
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Deletions | |
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Duplications | |
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Inversions | |
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Translocations | |
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Diagnosis of Rearrangments by Tetrad Analysis | |
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Chromosome Mutation II: Changes in Chromosome Number | |
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Aberrant Euploidy | |
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Aneuploidy | |
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Mechanisms of Gene Imbalance | |
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Chromosome Mechanics in Plant Breeding | |
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Mechanisms of Recombination | |
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Breakage and Reunion of DNA Molecules | |
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Chiasmata: The Crossover Points | |
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Genetic Results Leading to Recombination Models | |
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Holliday Model | |
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Enzymatic Mechanism of Recombination | |
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Transposable Genetic Elements | |
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Controlling Elements in Maize | |
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Bacterial Insertion Sequences | |
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Prokaryotic Transposons | |
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Mechanism of Transposition in Prokaryotes | |
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Review of Transposable Elements in Prokaryotes | |
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Molecular Nature of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes | |
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Review of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotes | |
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Development | |
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Extranuclear Genes | |
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Origin of Extranuclear Genes | |
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Structure of Organelle Chromosomes | |
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Organelle Mutations | |
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Inheritance of Organelle Genes and Mutations | |
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Recombination of Extranuclear DNA | |
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Cytoplasmic Male Sterility | |
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Mitochondria and Aging | |
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Cancer as a Genetic Disease | |
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Cancer and the Control of Cell Number: An Overview | |
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Cell Proliferation Machinery | |
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Machinery for Programmed Cell Death | |
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Controlling the Cell-Proliferation and Death Machinery | |
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Cancer: The Genetics of Aberrant Cell Control | |
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Cancer Research in the Genomic Analysis Era | |
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Developmental Genetics | |
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Central Themes of Developmental Genetics | |
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Gene Regulation at Levels Other Than Transcription Initiation: Examples | |
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Binary Fate Decisions: Pathways of Sex Determination | |
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Drosophila Sex Determination: Every Cell for Itself | |
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Sex Determination in Mammals: Coordinated Control by the Endocrine System | |
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Binary Fate Decisions: The Germ Line versus the Soma | |
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Forming Complex Pattern: Establishing Positional Information | |
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Forming Complex Pattern: Utilizing Positional Information to Establish Cell Fates | |
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Additional Aspects of Pattern Formation | |
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The Many Parallels in Vertebrate and Insect Pattern Formation | |
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Do the Lessons of Animal Development Apply to Plants? | |
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Genes at the Population Level | |
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Population Genetics | |
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Variation and Its Modulation | |
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Effect of Sexual Reproduction on Variation | |
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Sources of Variation | |
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Selection | |
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Balanced Polymorphism | |
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Artificial Selection | |
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Random Events | |
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Quantitative Genetics | |
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Some Basic Statistical Notions | |
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Genotypes and Phenotypic Distribution | |
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Norm of Reaction and Phenotypic Distribution | |
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Determining Norms of Reaction | |
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Heritability of a Trait | |
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Quantifying Heritability | |
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Locating the Genes | |
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More on Analyzing Variance | |
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Evolutionary Genetics | |
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A Synthesis of Forces: Variation and Divergence of Populations | |
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Multiple Adaptive Peaks | |
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Heritability of Variation | |
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Observed Variation Within and Between Populations | |
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Process of Speciation | |
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Origin of New Genes | |
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Rate of Molecular Evolution | |
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Genetic Nomenclature | |
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Further Readings | |
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Glossary | |
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Answers to Selected Problems | |
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Index | |