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| Preface | |
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| Notes on the Fourth Edition | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Some Definitions | |
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| The Development of Biometry | |
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| The Statistical Frame of Mind | |
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| Data in Biology | |
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| Samples and Populations | |
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| Variables in Biology | |
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| Accuracy and Precision of Data | |
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| Derived Variables | |
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| Frequency Distributions | |
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| Computers and Data Analysis | |
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| Computers | |
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| Software | |
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| Efficiency and Economy in Data Processing | |
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| Descriptive Statistics | |
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| The Arithmetic Mean | |
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| Other Means | |
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| The Median | |
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| The Mode | |
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| Sample Statistics and Parameters | |
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| The Range | |
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| The Standard Deviation | |
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| Coding Data Before Computation | |
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| The Coefficient of Variation | |
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| Introduction to Probability Distributions: Binomial and Poisson | |
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| Probability, Random Sampling, and Hypothesis Testing | |
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| The Binomial Distribution | |
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| The Poisson Distribution | |
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| Other Discrete Probability Distributions | |
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| The Normal Probability Distribution | |
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| Frequency Distributions of Continuous Variables | |
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| Properties of the Normal Distribution | |
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| A Model for the Normal Distribution | |
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| Applications of the Normal Distribution | |
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| Fitting a Normal Distribution to Observed Data | |
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| Skewness and Kurtosis | |
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| Graphic Methods | |
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| Other Continuous Distributions | |
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| Hypothesis Testing and Interval Estimation | |
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| Introduction to Hypothesis Testing: Randomization Approaches | |
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| Distribution and Variance of Means | |
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| Distribution and Variance of Other Statistics | |
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| The t-Distribution | |
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| More on Hypothesis Testing: Normally Distributed Data | |
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| Power of a Test | |
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| Tests of Simple Hypotheses Using the Normal and f-Distributions | |
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| The Chi-Square Distribution | |
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| Testing the Hypothesis H<sub>0</sub>: �<sup>2</sup> = �<sup>2</sup><sub>0</sub> | |
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| Introduction to Interval Estimation (Confidence Limits) | |
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| Confidence Limits Using Sample Standard Deviations | |
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| Confidence Limits for Variances | |
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| The Jackknife and the Bootstrap | |
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| Introduction to Analysis of Variance | |
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| Variances of Samples and Their Means | |
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| TheF-Distribution | |
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| The Hypothesis H<sub>0</sub>: �<sup>2</sup><sub>1</sub> = �<sup>2</sup><sub>2</sub> | |
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| Heterogeneity Among Sample Means | |
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| Partitioning the Total Sum of Squares and Degrees of Freedom | |
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| Model I Anova | |
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| Model II Anova | |
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| Single-Classification Analysis of Variance | |
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| Computational Formulas | |
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| General Case: Unequal and Equal n | |
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| Special Case: Two Groups | |
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| Comparisons Among Means in a Model I Anova: Essential Background | |
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| Comparisons Among Means: Special Methods | |
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| Nested Analysis of Variance | |
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| Nested Anova: Design | |
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| Nested Anova: Computation | |
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| Nested Anovas with Unequal Sample Sizes | |
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| Two-Way and Multiway Analysis of Variance | |
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| Two-Way Anova: Design | |
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| Two-Way Anova with Equal Replication: Computation | |
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| Two-Way Anova: Hypothesis Testing | |
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| Two-Way Anova Without Replication | |
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| Paired Comparisons | |
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| The Factorial Design | |
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| A Three-Way Factorial Design | |
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| Higher-Order Factorial Anovas | |
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| Other Designs | |
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| Anova by Computer | |
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| Statistical Power and Sample Size in the Analysis of Variance | |
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| Effect Size | |
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| Noncentral t- and F-Distributions and Confidence Limits for Effect Sizes | |
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| Power in an Anova | |
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| Sample Size in an Anova | |
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| Minimum Detectable Difference | |
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| Post Hoc Power Analysis | |
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| Optimal Allocation of Resources in a Nested Design | |
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| Randomized Blocks and Other Two-Way and Multiway Designs | |
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| Assumptions of Analysis of Variance | |
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| A Fundamental Assumption | |
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| Independence | |
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| Homogeneity of Variances | |
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| Normality | |
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| Transformations | |
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| The Logarithmic Transformation | |
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| The Square Root Transformation | |
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| The Box-Cox Transformation | |
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| The Arcsine Transformation | |
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| Nonparametric Methods in Lieu of Single-Classification Anova | |
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| Nonparametric Methods in Lieu of Two-Way Anova | |
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| Linear Regression | |
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| Introduction to Regression | |
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| Models in Regression | |
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| The Linear Regression Equation | |
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| Hypothesis Testing in Regression | |
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| More Than One Value of Y for Each Value of X | |
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| The Uses of Regression | |
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| Estimating X From Y | |
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| Comparing Two Regression Lines | |
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| Linear Comparisons in Anovas | |
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| Examining Residuals and Transformations in Regression | |
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| Nonparametric Tests for Regression | |
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| Model II Regression | |
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| Effect Size, Power, and Sample Size in Regression | |
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| Correlation | |
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| Correlation Versus Regression | |
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| The Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient | |
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| Computing the Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient | |
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| The Variance of Sums and Differences | |
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| Hypothesis Tests for Correlations | |
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| Applications of Correlation | |
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| Nonparametric Tests for Association | |
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| Major Axes and Confidence Regions | |
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| Effect Size, Power, and Sample Size | |
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| Multiple and Curvilinear Regression | |
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| Multiple Regression: Computation | |
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| Multiple Regression: Hypothesis Tests | |
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| Path Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling | |
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| Partial and Multiple Correlation | |
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| Selection of Independent Variables | |
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| Computation of Multiple Regression by Matrix Methods | |
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| Solving Anovas as Regression Problems: General Linear Models | |
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| Analysis of Covariance (Ancova) | |
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| Curvilinear Regression | |
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| Effect Size, Power, and Sample Size in Multiple Regression | |
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| Advanced Topics in Regression and Correlation | |
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| Analysis of Frequencies | |
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| Introduction to Tests for Goodness of Fit | |
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| Single-Classification Tests for Goodness of Fit | |
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| Replicated Tests of Goodness of Fit | |
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| Tests of Independence: Two-Way Tables | |
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| Analysis of Three-Way Tables | |
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| Analysis of Proportions | |
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| Randomized Blocks for Frequency Data | |
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| Effect Sizes, Power, and Sample Sizes | |
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| Meta-Analysis and Miscellaneous Methods | |
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| Synthesis of Prior Research Results: Meta-Analysis | |
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| Tests for Randomness of Nominal Data: Runs Tests | |
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| Isotonic Regression | |
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| Application of Randomization Tests to Unconventional Statistics | |
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| The Mantel Test of Association Between Two Distance Matrices | |
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| The Future of Biometry: Data Analysis | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Mathematical Proofs | |
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| Introduction to Matrices | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Author Index | |
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| Subject Index | |