Born in Slovakia, Rudolf Laban was the inventor of the dance-notation system. Laban is celebrated because of his unique dance-notation system, which not only conveys notions of shape and direction but also of movement and energy levels needed to perform the movements. Labanotation, or Kinetographic Laban, or Effort/Shape notation, is used not only for dance notation but also for kinesthetic studies in psychological treatments, as well as industrial-efficiency studies. Ironically, Laban is thought to have been an important European modern dancer, though little research has been done to document this.