| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Economic Development: Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Income and growth | |
| |
| |
| |
| Historical experience | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measurement issues | |
| |
| |
| |
| Income distribution in developing countries | |
| |
| |
| |
| The many faces of underdevelopment | |
| |
| |
| |
| Human development | |
| |
| |
| |
| An index of human development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Per capita income and human development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Some structural features | |
| |
| |
| |
| Demographic characteristics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Occupational and production structure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rapid rural--urban migration | |
| |
| |
| |
| International trade | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Economic Growth | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Modern economic growth: Basic features | |
| |
| |
| |
| Theories of economic growth | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Harrod--Domar model | |
| |
| |
| |
| Beyond Harrod--Domar: Other considerations | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Solow model | |
| |
| |
| |
| Technical progress | |
| |
| |
| |
| Convergence? | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Unconditional convergence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Level convergence: Evidence or lack thereof | |
| |
| |
| |
| Unconditional convergence: A summation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conditional convergence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reexamining the data | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Harrod--Domar equations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Production functions and per capita magnitudes Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| The New Growth Theories | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Human capital and growth | |
| |
| |
| |
| Another look at conditional convergence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Technical progress again | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Technological progress and human decisions | |
| |
| |
| |
| A model of deliberate technical progress | |
| |
| |
| |
| Externalities, technical progress, and growth | |
| |
| |
| |
| Total factor productivity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Total factor productivity and the East Asian miracle | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Appendix | |
| |
| |
| |
| History, Expectations, and Development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Complementarities | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction: QWERTY | |
| |
| |
| |
| Coordination failure | |
| |
| |
| |
| Linkages and policy | |
| |
| |
| |
| History versus expectations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Increasing returns | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Increasing returns and entry into markets | |
| |
| |
| |
| Increasing returns and market size: Interaction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Competition, multiplicity, and international trade | |
| |
| |
| |
| Other roles for history | |
| |
| |
| |
| Social norms | |
| |
| |
| |
| The status quo | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Economic Inequality | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| What is economic inequality? | |
| |
| |
| |
| The context | |
| |
| |
| |
| Economic inequality: Preliminary observations | |
| |
| |
| |
| Measuring economic inequality | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Four criteria for inequality measurement | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Lorenz curve | |
| |
| |
| |
| Complete measures of inequality | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inequality and Development: Interconnections | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inequality, income, and growth | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Inverted-U hypothesis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Testing the inverted-U hypothesis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Income and inequality: Uneven and compensatory changes | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inequality, savings, income, and growth | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inequality, political redistribution, and growth | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inequality and growth: Evidence | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inequality and demand composition | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inequality, capital markets, and development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inequality and development: Human capital | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Multiple steady states with imperfect capital markets | |
| |
| |
| |
| Poverty and Undernutrition | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Poverty: First principles | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conceptual issues | |
| |
| |
| |
| Poverty measures | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Demographic features | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rural and urban poverty | |
| |
| |
| |
| Assets | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nutrition | |
| |
| |
| |
| The functional impact of poverty | |
| |
| |
| |
| Poverty, credit, and insurance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Poverty, nutrition, and labor markets | |
| |
| |
| |
| Poverty and the household | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| More on poverty measures Exercises | |
| |
| |
| |
| Population Growth and Economic Development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Population: So | |