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Preface to the Enlarged Edition | |
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Preface to the Original Edition | |
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Introduction: Approaches to Understanding China's History | |
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The Variety of Historical Perspectives | |
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Geography: The Contrast of North and South | |
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Humankind in Nature | |
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The Village: Family and Lineage | |
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Inner Asia and China: The Steppe and the Sown | |
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Rise and Decline of the Imperial Autocracy | |
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Origins: The Discoveries of Archaeology | |
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Paleolithic China | |
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Neolithic China | |
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Excavation of Shang and Xia | |
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The Rise of Central Authority | |
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Western Zhou | |
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Implications of the New Archaeological Record | |
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The First Unification: Imperial Confucianism | |
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The Utility of Dynasties | |
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Princes and Philosophers | |
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The Confucian Code | |
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Daoism | |
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Unification by Qin | |
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Consolidation and Expansion under the Han | |
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Imperial Confucianism | |
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Correlative Cosmology | |
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Emperor and Scholars | |
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Reunification in the Buddhist Age | |
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Disunion | |
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The Buddhist Teaching | |
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Sui-Tang Reunification | |
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Buddhism and the State | |
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Decline of the Tang Dynasty | |
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Social Change: The Tang-Song Transition | |
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China's Greatest Age: Northern and Southern Song | |
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Efflorescence of Material Growth | |
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Education and the Examination System | |
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The Creation of Neo-Confucianism | |
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Formation of Gentry Society | |
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The Paradox of Song China and Inner Asia | |
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The Symbiosis of Wen and Wu | |
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The Rise of Non-Chinese Rule over China | |
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China in the Mongol Empire | |
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Interpreting the Song Era | |
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Government in the Ming Dynasty | |
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Legacies of the Hongwu Emperor | |
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Fiscal Problems | |
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China Turns Inward | |
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Factional Politics | |
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The Qing Success Story | |
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The Manchu Conquest | |
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Institutional Adaptation | |
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The Jesuit Interlude | |
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Growth of Qing Control in Inner Asia | |
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The Attempted Integration of Polity and Culture | |
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Late Imperial China, 1600-1911 | |
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The Paradox of Growth without Development | |
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The Rise in Population | |
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Diminishing Returns of Farm Labor | |
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The Subjection of Women | |
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Domestic Trade and Commercial Organization | |
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Merchant-Official Symbiosis | |
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Limitations of the Law | |
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Frontier Unrest and the Opening of China | |
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The Weakness of State Leadership | |
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The White Lotus Rebellion, 1796-1804 | |
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Maritime China: Origins of the Overseas Chinese | |
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European Trading Companies and the Canton Trade | |
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Rebellion on the Turkestan Frontier, 1826-1835 | |
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Opium and the Struggle for a New Order at Guangzhou, 1834-1842 | |
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Inauguration of the Treaty Century after 1842 | |
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Rebellion and Restoration | |
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The Great Taiping Rebellion, 1851-1864 | |
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Civil War | |
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The Qing Restoration of the 1860s | |
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Suppression of Other Rebellions | |
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Early Modernization and the Decline of Qing Power | |
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Self-Strengthening and Its Failure | |
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The Christian-Confucian Struggle | |
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The Reform Movement | |
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The Boxer Rising, 1898-1901 | |
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Demoralization | |
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The Republican Revolution, 1901-1916 | |
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A New Domestic Balance of Power | |
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Suppressing Rebellion by Militarization | |
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Elite Activism in the Public Sphere | |
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The Japanese Influence | |
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The Qing Reform Effort | |
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Constitutionalism and Self-Government | |
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Insoluble Systemic Problems | |
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The Revolution of 1911 and Yuan Shikai's Dictatorship | |
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The Republic of China, 1912-1949 | |
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The Quest for a Chinese Civil Society | |
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The Limits of Chinese Liberalism | |
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The Limits of Christian Reformism | |
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The Tardy Rise of a Political Press | |
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Academic Development | |
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The New Culture Movement | |
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The May Fourth Movement | |
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Rise of the Chinese Bourgeoisie | |
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Origins of the Chinese Communist Party | |
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The Nationalist Revolution and the Nanjing Government | |
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Sun Yatsen and the United Front | |
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The Accession to Power of Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaishek) | |
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The Nature of the Nanjing Government | |
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Systemic Weaknesses | |
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The Second Coming of the Chinese Communist Party | |
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Problems of Life on the Land | |
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Rural Reconstruction | |
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The Rise of Mao Zedong | |
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The Long March, 1934-1935 | |
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The Role of Zhou Enlai | |
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The Second United Front | |
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China's War of Resistance, 1937-1945 | |
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Nationalist Difficulties | |
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Mao's Sinification of Marxism | |
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Mao Zedong Thought | |
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The Rectification Campaign of 1942-1944 | |
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American Support of Coalition Government | |
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The Civil War and the Nationalists on Taiwan | |
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Why the Nationalists Failed | |
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Nationalist Attack and Communist Counterattack | |
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Taiwan as a Japanese Colony | |
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Taiwan as the Republic of China | |
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The People's Republic of China | |
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Establishing Control of State and Countryside | |
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Creating the New State, 1949-1953 | |
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Collectivizing Agriculture | |
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Collective Agriculture in Practice | |
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Beginning Industrialization | |
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Education and the Intellectuals | |
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The Anti-Rightist Campaign, 1957-1958 | |
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The Great Leap Forward, 1958-1960 | |
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Background Factors | |
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The Disaster of 1959-1960 | |
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Revival: Seizing Control of Industrial Labor | |
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Party Rectification and Education | |
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The Sino-Soviet Split | |
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The Great Leap Forward as a Social Movement | |
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The Cultural Revolution, 1966-1976 | |
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Underpinnings | |
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Mao's Aims and Resources | |
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Role of the People's Liberation Army | |
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How the Cultural Revolution Unfolded | |
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The Red Guards | |
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The Seizure of Power | |
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Foreign Affairs | |
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Decentralization and the Third Front | |
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The Succession Struggle | |
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The Cultural Revolution in Retrospect | |
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Aftermath | |
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The Post-Mao Reform Era | |
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Epilogue: China at the Close of the Century | |
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Note on Romanization and Citation | |
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Suggested Reading | |
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Publisher's Note | |
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Illustration Credits | |
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Author Index | |
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General Index | |