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Foreword to the First Edition | |
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Preface to the First Edition | |
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Preface to the Second Edition | |
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Ancient Judaism: Chronology and Definitions | |
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Chronology | |
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Periodization and Perspective | |
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From Preexilic Israel to Second Temple Judaism | |
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Unity and Diversity | |
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Timeline | |
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Jews and Gentiles | |
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Political: Gentile Domination | |
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The Maccabean Rebellion | |
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The Rebellion Against the Romans (66-74 CE) | |
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The Wars of 115-117 CE and 132-135 CE | |
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Conclusion | |
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Cultural: Judaism and Hellenism | |
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"Hellenism," "Hellenization," and "Hellenistic Judaism" | |
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Judaism and Hellenistic Culture | |
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Conclusion | |
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Social: Jews and Gentiles | |
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Anti-Judaism and "Anti-Semitism" | |
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Philo-Judaism | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Jewish "Religion": Practices and Beliefs | |
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Practices | |
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The Worship of God | |
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Ritual Observances | |
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Ritual and Ethics | |
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"Legalism" and "the Yoke of the Law" | |
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Women's Judaism | |
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Beliefs | |
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Kingship of God | |
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Reward and Punishment | |
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Redemption | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Community and Its Institutions | |
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The Public Institutions of the Land of Israel | |
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The Temple | |
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The Sanhedrin | |
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The Public Institutions of the Diaspora | |
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The Synagogue | |
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Private Organizations | |
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Sects | |
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Professional Guilds | |
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Schools | |
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Conclusion | |
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Sectarian and Normative | |
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"Sect" and "Heresy" | |
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The Focal Points of Jewish Sectarianism | |
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Law as Focal Point | |
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Temple as Focal Point | |
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Scripture as Focal Point | |
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"Orthodox" and "Normative" | |
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Proto-Sectarianism in the Persian Period | |
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Ezra and Nehemiah | |
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"The Congregation of the Exile" and Nehemiah 10 | |
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Isaiah 65 | |
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Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes | |
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Sources Written in Greek: Josephus | |
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Sources Written in Greek: The New Testament | |
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Sources Written in Hebrew: Qumran Scrolls | |
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Sources Written in Hebrew: Rabbinic Texts | |
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The Names of the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes | |
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Summary: From the Persian Period to the Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes | |
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Other Sects and Groups | |
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"Fourth Philosophy," Sicarii, and Zealots | |
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Christians | |
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Samaritans | |
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Therapeutae | |
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Conclusion | |
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Canonization and Its Implications | |
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"Canon" and "Canonical" | |
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The History of the Biblical Canon | |
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The Torah | |
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The Prophets | |
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The Writings | |
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The Tripartite Canon | |
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Why These and Not Those? | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Implications of Canonization | |
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From Prophecy to Apocalypse | |
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Scriptural Interpretation | |
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Conclusion | |
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The Emergence of Rabbinic Judaism | |
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"The Rabbis" and "The Rabbinic Period" | |
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What Is the Mishnah? | |
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From Second Temple Judaism to Rabbinic Judaism | |
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Relations with Gentiles | |
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Rabbinic Religion | |
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Society and Institutions | |
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The End of Sectarianism | |
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Canon and Literature | |
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Conclusion | |
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Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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Glossary of Technical Terms | |
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Index | |