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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Environmental Enrichment: an Historical Perspective | |
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| Definitions | |
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| A Short History of Animal Keeping | |
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| Two Approaches to Environmental Enrichment | |
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| Animal Welfare and Environmental Enrichment | |
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| Developmental Psychology | |
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| The Animal Rights Movement | |
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| The Animal Welfare Movement | |
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| The Five Freedoms: a Central Concept in Animal Welfare | |
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| Animal-welfare Indicators | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Why Bother with Environmental Enrichment? | |
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| Why Use Enrichment? | |
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| Justifying Enrichment | |
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| The Ethical Imperative for Environmental Enrichment | |
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| Zoos: a Special Case for Enrichment | |
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| Care-givers and Enrichment | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Does Environmental Enrichment Work? | |
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| The Evidence | |
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| How does Enrichment Improve Animal Welfare? | |
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| Proactive v. Reactive use of Environmental Enrichment | |
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| What Animals Want | |
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| Prioritising Environmental Enrichment | |
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| Solving Animal-welfare Problems using Environmental Enrichment | |
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| Summary: Treating Welfare Problems | |
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| Designing an Enrichment Device | |
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| Identifying What You Want to Do | |
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| Importance of Species-specific Behaviour | |
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| Rewards and Schedules of Reward | |
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| Cosmetic Design Considerations | |
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| Safety Considerations | |
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| Discussion and Summary of the Product Design Process | |
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| The Enrichment Programme | |
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| Setting Goals | |
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| The Enrichment Diary | |
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| The Enrichment Manual | |
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| Changing Animal Care-giver Attitudes | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Enrichment for Different Categories of Animals | |
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| Companion Animals | |
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| Farm Animals | |
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| Laboratory Animals | |
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| Zoo Animals | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Food and Foraging Enrichment | |
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| What is Food? | |
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| How Animals Forage and Feed | |
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| Feeding in General | |
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| The Sensory Qualities of Food | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Social Environmental Enrichment | |
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| Social Housing of Asocial Species | |
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| Group-housing Social Species | |
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| Behavioural Development and Socialisation | |
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| Rehabilitation and Group Formation | |
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| Managing Social Behaviour | |
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| Solitary Housing of Social Species | |
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| The Value of Human-Animal Contact | |
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| The Value of Contraspecific Contact | |
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| Limited Physical Contact | |
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| Visual, Auditory and Olfactory Contact | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Housing | |
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| Looking at Species and Housing Levels | |
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| A Substrate Approach to Housing | |
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| A Bottom-up Approach to Housing | |
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| Barriers: Keeping People Out and Animals In | |
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| The World Outside the Enclosure | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Furniture, Toys and Other Objects | |
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| Furniture | |
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| Furniture Design and Behaviour | |
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| Toys and Novel Objects | |
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| Alternatives to Static Homes | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Designing and Analysing Enrichment Studies | |
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| Experimental Design | |
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| Statistical Analysis | |
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| Example Experimental Design and Associated Statistical Analyses | |
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| Has Animal Welfare been Improved? | |
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| Information Sources about Environmental Enrichment | |
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| Books | |
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| Pet Books | |
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| Journals | |
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| Magazines | |
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| Organisations | |
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| Videos and Television | |
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| Information Sources on the World Wide Web | |
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| Enrichment Manuals, Lists and CD-ROMs | |
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| Conferences | |
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| Training Courses | |
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| University Courses | |
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| Competitions | |
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| Suppliers | |
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| End-note | |
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| References | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |