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| Preface | |
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| About this book | |
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| Phonetics in a nutshell | |
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| The structure of this book | |
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| Terminology | |
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| Demonstrations and exercises | |
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| Articulatory Phonetics | |
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| Phonation at the larynx | |
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| Basic articulatory terms | |
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| The articulation of consonants | |
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| The articulation of vowels | |
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| Phonetic Transcription | |
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| Consonants | |
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| Vowels | |
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| Diacritics and other symbols | |
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| Transcription of General American English | |
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| Place and Manner of Articulation of Consonants and Vowels | |
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| Consonants | |
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| Additional manners of articulation | |
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| Vowels | |
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| Secondary articulations | |
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| Physiology of the Vocal Apparatus | |
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| The subglottal system: lungs, bronchi, and trachea | |
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| Structure and function of the larynx | |
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| Vocal tract | |
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| Airstream Mechanisms and Phonation Types | |
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| Airstream mechanisms | |
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| Phonation types | |
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| Voicing, voicelessness, and aspiration in plosives | |
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| Common and rare sounds | |
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| Basic Acoustics | |
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| Sound waves | |
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| Measuring sound waves | |
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| Acoustic dimensions and their units of measurement | |
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| Analysis Methods for Speech Sounds | |
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| Digitizing acoustic signals | |
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| Types of acoustic signals | |
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| Analyzing acoustic signals | |
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| The Source-filter Theory of Speech Production | |
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| Resonance | |
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| Damping | |
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| Filters | |
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| Source and filter of the vocal apparatus | |
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| Formants | |
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| Acoustic Characteristics of Speech Sounds | |
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| Vowels | |
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| Consonants | |
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| Summary | |
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| Variability and invariance | |
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| Syllables and Suprasegmentals | |
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| Syllables | |
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| Stress | |
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| Length | |
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| Tone and Intonation | |
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| Physiology and Psychophysics of Hearing | |
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| The external ear | |
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| The middle ear | |
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| The inner ear | |
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| The structure of the basilar membrane | |
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| Sound localization | |
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| Auditory frequency scales | |
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| Auditory loudness scales | |
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| Auditory time scales | |
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| Speech Perception | |
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| Vowels | |
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| Consonants | |
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| Contributions of the Motor Theory of Speech Perception | |
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| The role of linguistic experience in speech perception | |
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| Summary | |
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| Mass, force, and pressure | |
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| Energy, power, and intensity | |
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| The decibel (dB) | |
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| Physical terminology | |
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| Mathematical notations | |
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| Formant values | |
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| Fundamental frequency values | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |