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Reconstruction, 1865-1877 | |
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Documents | |
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African Americans Recall | |
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Personal Experiences of Newfound Freedom, c. 1865 | |
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Louisiana Black Codes Reinstate Provisions of the Slave Era, 1865 | |
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President Andrew Johnson Denounces | |
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Changes in His Program of Reconstruction, 1867 | |
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Congressman Thaddeus Stevens | |
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Demands a Radical Reconstruction, 1867 | |
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Representative Benjamin Butler Argues | |
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That President Andrew Johnson Be Impeached, 1868 | |
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton Questions Abolitionist | |
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Support for Female Enfranchisement, 1868 | |
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The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments | |
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Grant Citizenship and Due Process of Law to African Americans and Suffrage to African American Men, 1868, 1870 | |
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Elias Hill, an African American Man, Recounts a Nighttime Visit from the Ku Klux Klan, 1871 | |
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Confederate General Jubal Early Memorializes the "Lost Cause," 1894 | |
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Essays | |
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Continuing the War: White and Black Violence During Reconstruction David W. Blight, | |
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Ending the War: The Push for National Reconciliation | |
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Western Settlement and the Frontier | |
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Documents | |
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The Governor of Missouri Orders the Militia to Exterminate Mormons, 1838 | |
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The Homestead Act Provides Free Land to Settlers, 1862 | |
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Pioneer Mary Barnard Aguirre Marries into the Spanish West, 1863 | |
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The Federal Government Punishes Confederate Indians, 1865 | |
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Katie Bighead (Cheyenne) Remembers | |
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Custer and the Battle of Little Big Horn, 1876 | |
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Chief Joseph (Nez Perc?) Surrenders, 1877 | |
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Southern Freedmen Resolve to Move West, 1879 | |
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Wyoming Gunfight: An Attack on Chinatown, 1885 | |
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Historian Frederick Jackson Turner | |
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Articulates the "Frontier Thesis," 1893 | |
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Essays | |
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Ray Allen Billington, The Frontier as a Cradle of Liberty | |
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Patricia Nelson Limerick, The Frontier as a Place of Conquest and Conflict | |
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Industrialization, Workers, and the New Immigration | |
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Documents | |
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Chinese Immigrant Lee Chew Denounces Prejudice in America, 1882 | |
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Poet Emma Lazurus Praises The New Colossus, 1883 | |
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Immigrant Thomas O'Donnell Describes the Worker's Plight, 1883 | |
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Steel Magnate Andrew Carnegie Preaches a Gospel of Wealth, 1889 | |
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Unionist Samuel Gompers Asks "What Does the Working Man Want?" 1890 | |
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Jurgis Rudkus Discovers Drink in The Jungle, 1905 | |
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A Slovenian Boy Recounts Tales of the Golden Country, 1909 | |
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Engineer Frederick Winslow | |
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Taylor Manufactures the Ideal Worker, 1910 | |
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Essays | |
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Oscar Handlin, Uprooted and Trapped | |
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The One-Way Route to Modernity Mark Wyman, Coming and Going | |
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Round Trip to America | |
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Imperialism and World Power | |
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Documents | |
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President William McKinley Asks for War to Liberate Cuba, 1898 | |
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Governor Theodore Roosevelt Praises the Manly Virtues of Imperialism, 1899 | |
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Filipino Leader Emilio Aguinaldo Rallies His People to Arms, 1899 | |
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The American Anti-Imperialist League Denounces U.S. Policy, 1899 | |
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Mark Twain Satirizes "The Battle Hymn of the Republic," 1900 | |
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A Soldier Criticizes American Racism in the Philippines, 1902 | |
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The Roosevelt Corollary Makes the U.S. the Police of Latin America, 1904 | |
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President Woodrow Wilson Disavows | |
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Territorial Conquest, 1913 | |
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Essays | |
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Gail Bederman, Gendering Imperialism | |
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Theodore Roosevelt's Quest for Manhood and Empire | |
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Anders Stephanson, Global Competition and Manifest | |
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Destiny on the Cusp of the Twentieth Century | |
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The Progressive Movement | |
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Documents | |
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W.C.T.U. Blasts Drinking and Smoking, and Demands the Power to Protect, 1893 | |
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Philosopher John Dewey Advocates Democracy Through Education, 1899 | |
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NAACP Founder W.E.B. DuBois Denounces Compromise on Negro Education and Civil Rights, 1903 | |
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Journalist Lincoln Steffens Exposes the Shame of Corruption, 1904 | |
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Political Boss George Washington Plunkitt Defends "Honest" Graft, 1905 | |
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Social Worker Jane Addams Advocates Civic Housekeeping, 1906 | |
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President Theodore Roosevelt Preaches Conservation and Efficiency, 1908 | |
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Sociologist William Graham Sumner Denounces Reformers' Fanaticism, 1913 | |
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Rewriting the Constitution | |
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Amendments on Income Tax, Election of Senators, Prohibition, and the Vote for Women, 1913-1920 | |
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Essays | |
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Daniel T. Rodgers, American | |
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Progressivism in the Wider Atlantic | |
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World Eric Rauchway, A Distinctive American | |
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Progressivism: Women, Immigrants, and Education | |
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America in World War I | |
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Documents | |
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President Woodrow Wilson Asks Congress to Declare War, 1917 | |
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Senator Robert M. LaFollette Passionately Dissents, 1917 | |
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A Union Organizer Testifies to Vigilante Attack, 1917 | |
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The U.S. Government Punishes War Protestors: The Espionage Act, 1918 | |
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Wilson Proposes a New World Order in the "Fourteen Points," 1918 | |
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Broadway Showman George M. Cohan Sings About Patriotism, 1918 | |
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An Ambulance Surgeon Describes What It Was Like "Over There," 1918 | |
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Publicist George Creel Recalls Selling the War, 1920 | |
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Cartoons for and Against the League of Nations, 1920 | |
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Essays | |
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Walter McDougall, Woodrow Wilson | |
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Egocentric Crusader Robert A. Pastor, Woodrow Wilson | |
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Father of the Future | |
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Crossing a Cultural Divide: The Twenties | |
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Documents | |
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The Governor of California Tells of the Japanese "Problem, "1920 | |
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Reverend Amzi Clarence Dixon Preaches on the Evils of Darwinism and Evolution, 1922 | |
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A Survey of the Morals of High School Students, 1924 | |
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Defense Attorney Clarence Darrow | |
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Interrogates Prosecutor William Jennings | |
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Bryan in the Monkey Trial, 1925 | |
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Novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald Reveals Attitudes | |
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About Gender and Race in The Great Gatsby, 1925 | |
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The Ku Klux Klan Defines Americanism, 1926 | |
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The Automobile Comes to Middletown, U.S.A., 1929 | |
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Langston Hughes: Poet of the 1920s Harlem Renaissance | |
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Essays | |
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Paula S. Fass, Sex and Youth in the Jazz Age | |
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Traditionalists Battle | |
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Modernism (and Evolution) in the Roaring Twenties | |
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The Depression, the New Deal, and Franklin D. Roosevelt | |
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Documents | |
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President Herbert Hoover Applauds Limited Government, 1931 | |
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The Nation Asks "Is It to Be Murder, Mr. Hoover?" 1932 | |
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Business Leader Henry Ford Advocates Self-Help, 1932 | |
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President Franklin Roosevelt Seeks Justice for "One-Third of a Nation," "1937 | |
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Nelson Rockefeller Lectures Standard Oil on Social Responsibility, 1937 | |
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Social Security Advisers Consider Male and Female Pensioners, 1938 | |
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A Union Man Gets His Job Back Under the New Labor Law, 1938 | |
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John Steinbeck Portrays the Outcast Poor in The Grapes of Wrath, 1939 | |
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Woody Guthrie Sings "This Land Is Your Land," 1940 | |
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Essays | |
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Advocate for the American People | |
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Opportunistic Architect of Big Government | |
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The Ordeal of World War II | |
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Documents | |
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Nazi Leader Adolf Hitler Links Race and Nationality, 1927 | |
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President Franklin D. Roosevelt Asks Congress to Declare War, 1941 | |
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British Prime Minister Winston Churchill Reacts to Pearl Harbor, 1941 | |
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Roosevelt Identifies the "Four Freedoms" at Stake in the War, 1941 | |
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A Japanese American Recalls the Effect of Internment on Family Unity, 1942 | |
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Roosevelt and Soviet Premier Josef Stalin Plan the United Nations, 1943 | |
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An African American Soldier Notes the "Strange Paradox" of the War, 1944 | |
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An American Officer Worries About His Wife's Loyalty, 1944 | |
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Dwight Eisenhower Reports to General | |
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George Marshall on the German Concentration Camps, 1945 | |
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Essays | |
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John Morton Blum, G.I. Joe | |
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Fighting for Home Alan Brinkley, American Liberals | |
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Fighting for a Better World | |
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The Cold War and the Nuclear Age | |
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Documents | |
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Diplomat George Kennan Advocates Containment, 1946 | |
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Secretary of Commerce | |
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Questions the "Get Tough" Policy, 1946 | |
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Soviet Ambassador Nikolai Novikov | |
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Sees a U.S. Bid for World Supremacy, 1946 | |
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The Truman Doctrine Calls for the United States to Become World's Police, 1947 | |
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The Marshall Plan Seeks to Rebuild Europe, 1948 | |
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Senator Joseph McCarthy Describes the Internal Communist Menace, 1950 | |
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The Federal Loyalty-Security Program Expels a Postal Clerk, 1954 | |
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Life Magazine Reassures | |
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Americans "We Won't All Be Dead" After Nuclear War, 1959 | |
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Essays | |
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Walter LaFeber, Truman's Hard Line | |
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Prompted the Cold War | |
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John Lewis Gaddis, Stalin's Hard Line | |
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Prompted a Defensive Response in the United States and Europe | |
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The 1950s "Boom": Affluence and Anxiety | |
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Documents | |
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Congress Passes the G.I. Bill of Rights, 1944 | |
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A Young American Is "Born on the Fourth of July," 1946 | |
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Science News Letter Reports a Baby Boom, 1954 | |
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Parental Indulgence Is Criticized in Rebel Without a Cause, 1955 | |
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Governor Adlai Stevenson Tells College Women About Their Place in Life, 1955 | |
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Author Paul Goodman Describes Growing Up Absurd, 1956 | |
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Life Magazine Identifies the New Teen-age Market, 1959 | |
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Feminist Betty Friedan Describes the Problem That Has No Name, 1959 | |
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New Yorker Cartoon, 1963 | |
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Essays | |
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John Patrick Diggins, A Decade to Make | |
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One Proud Stephanie Coontz, Families in the Fifties | |
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The Way We Never Were | |
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Making the Great Society: Civil Rights | |
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Documents | |
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The United Nations Approves a Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 | |
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The Supreme Court Rules on Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 | |
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Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., Defends Seamstress Rosa Parks, 1955 | |
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Author Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Remembers Civil Rights on TV, 1957 | |
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Congress Outlaws Segregation with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 | |
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Black Muslim Malcolm X Warns: The Ballot or the Bullet, 1964 | |
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The National Organization for Women Calls for Equality, 1966 | |
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Mexican Americans Form La Raza Unida, 1968 | |
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A Proclamation from the Indians of All Tribes, Alcatraz Island, 1969 | |
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Congress Guarantees Rights of Americans with Disabilities, 1990 | |
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Essays | |
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The Emergence of a Grassroots Leader | |
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The Minority | |
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Rights Revolution: Top Down and Bottom Up | |
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The Sixties: Left, Right, and the Culture Wars | |
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Documents | |
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Young Americans for Freedom Draft a Conservative Manifesto, 1960 | |
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President John Kennedy Tells Americans to Ask "What You Can Do," 1961 | |
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Bill Moyers Remembers Kennedy's Effect on His Generation (1961), 1988 | |
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Students for a Democratic Society Advance a Reform Agenda, 1962 | |
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Folk Singer Malvina Reynolds Sees Young People in "Little Boxes," 1963 | |
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Alabama Governor George Wallace Denounces Top-Down Reform and Pledges "Segregation Forever," 1963 | |
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President Lyndon B. Johnson Declares a Federal War on Poverty, 1964 | |
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A Protestor at Columbia University Defends Long Hair and Revolution, 1969 | |
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Vice President Spiro Agnew Warns of the Threat to America, 1969 | |
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Psychologist Carl Rogers | |
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Emphasizes Being "Real" in Encounter Groups, 1970 | |
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Essays | |
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Kenneth Cmiel, Triumph of the Left | |
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Sixties Revolution and the Revolution in Manners | |
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Triumph of the Right | |
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George Wallace, Richard Nixon, and the Critique of Federal Activism | |
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Vietnam and the Downfall of Presidents | |
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Documents | |
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Independence Leader Ho Chi Minh Pleads with Harry Truman for Support, 1946 | |
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President Dwight Eisenhower Warns of Falling Dominoes, 1954 | |
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Defense Analyst John McNaughton Advises Robert McNamara on War Aims, 1965 | |
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Undersecretary of State George Ball Urges Withdrawal from Vietnam, 1965 | |
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A Marine Remembers His Idealism of 1965 (1977) | |
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Students for a Democratic Society Oppose the War, 1965 | |
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White House Counsel | |
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Presents the "Enemies List," 1971 | |
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Senator | |
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on the Watergate Crimes, 1974 | |
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Essays | |
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Cold War Mindsets and the "Mistake" of Vietnam | |
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Anti-Democratic "Containment," No Mistake | |
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End of the Cold War and New International Challenges: Globalization and Terrorism | |
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Documents | |
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President Ronald Regan Sees a Revitalized America, 1985 | |
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A Unionist Blasts the Export of Jobs, 1987 | |
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President George H. W. Bush Declares the Cold War Over, 1990 | |
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Campaign Adviser Condoleezza Rice Cautions Against | |
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Humanitarian Interventions, 2000 | |
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Two Workers Flee the Inferno in the Twin Towers, 2001 | |
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A New York Immigrant Weeps as the Twin Towers Fall, 2001 | |
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Journalist David Brooks Sees Basic Unity | |
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Between "Red" and "Blue" Americans, 2001 | |
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Senator Robert Byrd Condemns Post-9/11 Foreign Policy, 2003 | |
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President George W. Bush Ranks Freedom Above Stability, 2005 | |
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Essays | |
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Clash of Civilizations | |
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Clash of Economies | |