| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| Laboratory Safety, Courtesy, and Waste Disposal Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Melting Points and Boiling Points | |
| |
| |
| Recrystallization | |
| |
| |
| Distillation | |
| |
| |
| Steam Distillation, Vacuum Distillation, and Sublimation | |
| |
| |
| Extraction | |
| |
| |
| Thin-Layer Chromatography: Analysis of Analgesics and Isolating Lycopene from Tomato Paste | |
| |
| |
| Column Chromatography: Fluorenone, Cholesteryl Acetate, Acetylferrocene, and Plant Pigments | |
| |
| |
| Gas Chromatography: Analysis of Alkene Isomers | |
| |
| |
| Infrared Spectroscopy | |
| |
| |
| Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | |
| |
| |
| Mass Spectroscopy | |
| |
| |
| Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Refractive Indices, and Qualitative Instrumental Organic Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Computational Chemistry Elimination, Substitution, and Addition | |
| |
| |
| The SN2 Reaction: 1-Bromobutane | |
| |
| |
| Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of Alkyl Halides | |
| |
| |
| Radical Initiated Chlorination of 1-Chlorobutane | |
| |
| |
| Alkenes from Alcohols: Cyclohexene from Cyclohexanol | |
| |
| |
| Bromination and Debromination: Purification of Cholesterol | |
| |
| |
| Dichlorocarbene Oxidation and Reduction | |
| |
| |
| Oxidation: Cyclohexanol to Cyclohexanone; Cyclohexanone to Adipic Acid | |
| |
| |
| Pulegone from Citronellol: Oxidation with Pyridinium Chlorochromate | |
| |
| |
| Oxidative Coupling of Alkynes: 2,7-Dimethyl-3,5-octadiyn-2,7-diol | |
| |
| |
| Catalytic Hydrogenation | |
| |
| |
| Sodium Borohydride Reduction of 2-Methylcyclohexanone: A Problem in Conformational Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Epoxidation of Cholesterol Aromatic Substitution and Elimination | |
| |
| |
| Nitration of Methyl Benzoate | |
| |
| |
| Friedel-Crafts Alkylation of Benzene and Dimethoxybenzene; Host-Guest Chemistry | |
| |
| |
| Alkylation of Mesitylene | |
| |
| |
| The Friedel-Crafts Reaction: Anthraquinone and Anthracene | |
| |
| |
| Friedel-Crafts Acylation of Ferrocene: Acetylferrocene | |
| |
| |
| Reactions of Triphenylmethyl Carbocation, Carbanion, and Radical | |
| |
| |
| 1,2,3,4-Tetraphenylnaphthalene via Benzyne | |
| |
| |
| Triptycene via Benzyne Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones | |
| |
| |
| Aldehydes and Ketones | |
| |
| |
| Dibenzalacetone by the Aldol Condensation | |
| |
| |
| Grignard Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol and Benzoic Acid | |
| |
| |
| The Wittig and Wittig-Horner Reactions Reactions of Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Amines | |
| |
| |
| Esterification and Hydrolysis | |
| |
| |
| Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) | |
| |
| |
| Malonic Ester of a Barbiturate | |
| |
| |
| Amines | |
| |
| |
| The Sandmeyer Reaction: 1-Bromo-4-chlorobenzene, 2-Iodobenzoic Acid, and 4-Chlorotoluene | |
| |
| |
| Synthesis and Bioessay of Sulfanilamide and Derivatives | |
| |
| |
| Dyes and Dyeing | |
| |
| |
| Martius Yellow The Diels-Alder and Related Reactions | |
| |
| |
| Diels-Alder Reaction | |
| |
| |
| Ferrocene [Bis(cyclopentadienyl)iron] | |
| |
| |
| p-Terphenyl by the Diels-Alder Reaction | |
| |
| |
| Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone | |
| |
| |
| Hexaphenylbenzene and Dimethyl Tetraphenylphthalate Derivatives of 1,2-Diphenylethane: A Multistep Synthesis | |
| |
| |
| The Benzoin Condensation: Catalysis by the Cyanide Ion and Thiamine | |
| |
| |
| Nitric Acid Oxidation; Preparation of Benzil from Benzoin; and Synthesis of a Heterocycle: Diphenylquinoxaline | |
| |
| |
| Borohydride Reduction of a Ketone: Hydrobenzoin from Benzil | |
| |
| |
| The Synthesis of 2,2-Dimethyl-1,5-dioxolane; The Acetonide Derivative of a Vicinal Diol | |
| |
| |
| The 1,4-Addition: Reductive Acetylation of Benzil | |
| |
| |
| Synthesis of an Alkyne from an Alkene; Bromination and Dehydrobromination: Stilbene and Diphenylacetylene | |
| |
| |
| The Perkin Reaction: Synthesis ofa-Phenylcinnamic Acid | |
| |
| |
| Decarboxylation: Synthesis ofcis-Stilbene Photochemistry | |
| |
| |
| Chemiluminescence: Syntheses of Cyalume and Luminol | |
| |
| |
| Photochemistry: The Synthesis of Benzopinacol Natural Product Chemistry and Biochemistry | |
| |
| |
| Carbohydrates and Sweeteners | |
| |
| |
| Biosynthesis of Ethanol | |
| |
| |
| Enzymatic Reactions: A Chiral Alcohol from a Ketone and Enzymatic Resolution of DL-A | |