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| Note: Each chapter begins with Getting Started and concludes with a Chapter Summary, Key Terms, Review Questions, Application Questions, and Discussion Questions | |
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| Introduction to Psychological Research | |
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| Introduction to the Scientific Method | |
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| The Scientific Method | |
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| The Goals of Psychological Research Scientific Hypotheses | |
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| The Flaws in Scientific Research | |
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| An Overview of Creating and Testing Hypotheses | |
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| Beginning the Design: Asking the Question | |
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| The Research Literature Identifying the Population and Sample | |
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| Defining the Terminology in the Hypothesis Testing a Hypothesis by Discovering a Relationship | |
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| Interpreting a Relationship Summary of the Flow of a Study Experimental Research | |
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| Methods Descriptive Research | |
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| Methods Putting It All Together | |
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| Evaluating a Study: Is It Reliable and Valid | |
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| Identifying Potential Flaws | |
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| When Designing a Study Critically Evaluating a Study Understanding Reliability | |
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| Understanding Validity | |
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| Dealing with Validity and Reliability | |
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| When Designing a Study Issues of Validity and Reliability in Descriptive Studies | |
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| Issues of Validity and Reliability in Experiments | |
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| Selecting a Design Putting It All Together | |
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| Creating a Relaibale and Valid Experiment | |
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| Selecting the Independent Variable | |
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| Selecting the Conditions of the Independent Variable | |
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| Selecting the Dependent Variable | |
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| Designing the Dependent Variable | |
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| Controlling Extraneous Variables | |
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| Putting It All Together | |
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| Risk, Deception, and the Ethics of Research | |
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| Demand Characteristics Research | |
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| Ethics Research | |
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| Involving Animals Scientific Fraud | |
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| Putting It All Together | |
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| Controlling Participant Variables | |
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| Using Between-Subjects and Within-Subjects | |
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| Designs Participant Variables and Individual Differences | |
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| How Participant Variables Influence External Validity | |
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| How Participant Variables Influence a Relationship | |
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| Controlling Participant Variables in a Between-Subjects | |
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| Design Controlling Participant Variables in a Within-Subjects | |
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| Design Controlling Order | |
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| Effects in a Repeated Measures | |
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| Design Choosing a Design Putting | |
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| It All Together | |
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| The Statistical Analysis of Experiments | |
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| Applying Descriptive and Inferential Statistics to Simple Experiments | |
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| Selecting the Statistical Procedures | |
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| Applying Descriptive Statistics to Experiments | |
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| Applying Inferential Statistical Procedures | |
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| Interpreting Significant Results | |
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| Interpreting Nonsignificant Results | |
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| Comparing Type I and Type II Errors | |
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| Statistical Power and Research | |
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| Design Putting | |
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| It All Together | |
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| Designing and Analyzing | |
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| Multifactor Experiments | |
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| The Reason for Multifactor Studies | |
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| The Two-Way Between-Subjects | |
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| ANOVA Using Counterbalanced Variables to Produce Two-Way Designs | |
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| The Two-Way Within-Subjects ANOVA | |
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| The Two-Way Mixed ANOVA | |
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| The Three-Way Design | |
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| The Two-Way Chi Square Describing | |
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| Effect Size | |
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| A Word about Multivariate Statistics and Meta-Analysis | |
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| Putting It All Together | |
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| Beyond the Typical Laboratory Experiment | |
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| Correlational Research and Questionnaire Construction | |
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| The Difference Between True Experiments and Correlational Studies | |
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| Analyzing Data with Correlational Statistics | |
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| Additional Uses of Correlation | |
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| Conducting Research | |
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| Using Interviews and Questionnaires | |
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| A Word about Advanced Correlational Procedures | |
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| Putting It All Together | |
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| Field Experiments and Single-Subject | |
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| Designs Field Experiments | |
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| Small N Research and the Single-Subject Design | |
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| Putting It All Together | |
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| Quasi-Experiments and Descriptive Designs | |
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| Understanding Quasi-Experiments | |
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| Quasi-Independent Variables | |
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| Involving Participant Variables | |
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| Quasi-Independent Variables | |
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| Involving Environmental Events | |
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| The Time-Series Design | |
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| The Quasi-Independent Variable of the Passage of Time | |
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| Descriptive Research | |
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| A Word about Program Evaluation Putting | |
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| It All Together | |
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| Putting It All Together | |
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| A Review: Examples of Designing and Evaluating Research | |
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| Sumary of the Issues | |
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| When Designing Research | |
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| An Experiment on Attribution of Arousal | |
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| An Experiment on Time Perception | |
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| A Descriptive Study of Fear of Success in Females | |
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| An Experimental and Correlational Study of Creativity | |
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| Additional Research Topics | |
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| Putting It All Together | |
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| Appendix A: Reporting Research Using APA Format | |
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| An Example Study | |
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| The Research Literature Overview of a Research Article | |
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| The Components of an APA-Style Research Article | |
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| Putting It All Together | |
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| Sample APA-Style Research Report | |
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| Statistical Procedures | |
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| Measures of Central Tendency | |
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| Measures of Variability | |
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| The Two-Sample t-Test | |
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| The One-Way Analysis of Variance | |
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| Tukey HSD Post Hoc Comparisons | |
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| Measures of Effect Size in t-Tests and ANOVA | |
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| Confidence Intervals | |
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| Pearson Correlation Coefficient, Linear Regression, and Standard Error of the Estimate | |
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| Spearman Correlation Coefficient | |
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| Chi Square Procedures | |
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| Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon T Tests | |
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| Kruskal-Wallis H and Friedman X2 Tests | |
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| Statistical Tables | |