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Preface | |
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List of Symbols, Units, and Notation | |
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Introduction | |
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Case Study: Restructuring and Reregulation of the U.S. Electric Utility Industry | |
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History of Electric Power Systems | |
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Present and Future Trends | |
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Electric Utility Industry Structure | |
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Computers in Power System Engineering | |
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PowerWorld Simulator | |
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Fundamentals | |
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Case Study: Restructuring the Thin-Stretched Grid | |
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Phasors | |
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Instantaneous Power in Single-Phase ac Circuits | |
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Complex Power | |
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Network Equations | |
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Balanced Three-Phase Circuits | |
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Power in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits | |
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Advantages of Balanced Three-Phase versus Single-Phase Systems | |
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Power Transformers | |
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Case Study: How Electric Utilities Buy Quality When They Buy Transformers | |
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The Ideal Transformer | |
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Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers | |
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The Per-Unit System | |
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Three-Phase Transformer Connections and Phase Shift | |
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Per-Unit Equivalent Circuits of Balanced Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers | |
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Three-Winding Transformers | |
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Autotransformers | |
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Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios | |
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Transmission-Line Parameters | |
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Case Study: Special Report--Transmission Structures | |
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Transmission Line Design Considerations | |
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Resistance | |
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Conductance | |
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Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor | |
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Inductance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing | |
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Inductance: Composite Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors | |
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Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return | |
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Electric Field and Voltage: Solid Cylindrical Conductor | |
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Capacitance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing | |
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Capacitance: Stranded Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors | |
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Shunt Admittances: Lines with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return | |
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Electric Field Strength at Conductor Surfaces and at Ground Level | |
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Parallel Circuit Three-Phase Lines | |
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Transmission Lines: Steady-State Operation | |
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Case Study: FACTS Technology Development: An Update | |
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Medium and Short Line Approximations | |
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Transmission-Line Differential Equations | |
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Equivalent [pi] Circuit | |
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Lossless Lines | |
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Maximum Power Flow | |
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Line Loadability | |
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Reactive Compensation Techniques | |
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Power Flows | |
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Case Study: Visualizing the Electric Grid | |
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Direct Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Gauss Elimination | |
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Iterative Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel | |
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Iterative Solutions to Nonlinear Algebraic Equations: Newton-Raphson | |
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The Power-Flow Problem | |
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Power-Flow Solution by Gauss-Seidel | |
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Power-Flow Solution by Newton-Raphson | |
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Control of Power Flow | |
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Sparsity Techniques | |
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Fast Decoupled Power Flow | |
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Design Projects 1-5 | |
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Symmetrical Faults | |
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Case Study: The Problem of Arcing Faults in Low-Voltage Power Distribution Systems | |
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Series R-L Circuit Transients | |
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Three-Phase Short Circuit--Unloaded Synchronous Machine | |
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Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits | |
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Bus Impedance Matrix | |
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Circuit Breaker and Fuse Selection | |
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Design Project 4 (continued) | |
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Symmetrical Components | |
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Definition of Symmetrical Components | |
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Sequence Networks of Impedance Loads | |
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Sequence Networks of Series Impedances | |
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Sequence Networks of Three-Phase Lines | |
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Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines | |
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Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers | |
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Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Three-Winding Transformers | |
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Power in Sequence Networks | |
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Unsymmetrical Faults | |
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Case Study: Fires at U.S. Utilities | |
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System Representation | |
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Single Line-to-Ground Fault | |
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Line-to-Line Fault | |
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Double Line-to-Ground Fault | |
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Sequence Bus Impedance Matrices | |
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Design Project 4 (continued) | |
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Design Project 6 | |
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System Protection | |
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Case Study: Digital Relay Reports Verify Power System Models | |
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System Protection Components | |
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Instrument Transformers | |
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Overcurrent Relays | |
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Radial System Protection | |
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Reclosers and Fuses | |
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Directional Relays | |
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Protection of Two-Source System with Directional Relays | |
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Zones of Protection | |
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Line Protection with Impedance (Distance) Relays | |
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Differential Relays | |
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Bus Protection with Differential Relays | |
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Transformer Protection with Differential Relays | |
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Pilot Relaying | |
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Digital Relaying | |
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Power System Controls | |
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Case Study: Meet the Emerging Transmission Market Segments | |
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Generator-Voltage Control | |
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Turbine-Governor Control | |
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Load-Frequency Control | |
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Economic Dispatch | |
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Optimal Power Flow | |
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Transmission Lines: Transient Operation | |
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Case Study: Protecting Computer Systems Against Power Transients | |
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Case Study: VariSTAR Type AZE Surge Arresters | |
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Traveling Waves on Single-Phase Lossless Lines | |
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Boundary Conditions for Single-Phase Lossless Lines | |
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Bewley Lattice Diagram | |
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Discrete-Time Models of Single-Phase Lossless Lines and Lumped RLC Elements | |
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Lossy Lines | |
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Multiconductor Lines | |
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Power System Overvoltages | |
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Insulation Coordination | |
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Transient Stability | |
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Case Study: The Great Blackout | |
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The Swing Equation | |
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Simplified Synchronous Machine Model and System Equivalents | |
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The Equal-Area Criterion | |
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Numerical Integration of the Swing Equation | |
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Multimachine Stability | |
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Design Methods for Improving Transient Stability | |
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Appendix | |
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Index | |