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| Introduction | |
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| Experimental Psychology and the Scientific Method | |
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| The Need for Scientific Methodology | |
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| The Characteristics of Modern Science | |
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| The Objectives of Psychological Science | |
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| The Tools of Psychological Science | |
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| Scientific Explanation in Psychological Science | |
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| The Organization of the Text | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Research Ethics | |
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| Research Ethics | |
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| The American Psychological Association Guidelines | |
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| Protecting the Welfare of Animal Subjects | |
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| Fraud in Science | |
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| Plagiarism | |
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| Ethical Reports | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Alternatives to Experimentation: Nonexperimental Designs | |
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| Describing Research Activities | |
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| Phenomenology | |
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| Case Studies | |
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| Field Studies | |
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| Archival Study | |
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| Qualitative Research | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Alternatives to Experimentation: Surveys and Interviews | |
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| Survey Research | |
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| Constructing Surveys | |
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| Measuring Responses | |
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| Important Considerations for Survey Items | |
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| Collecting Survey Data | |
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| Evaluating Surveys and Survey Data | |
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| Sampling | |
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| Probability Sampling | |
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| Nonprobability Sampling | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Alternatives to Experimentation: Correlational and Quasi-Experimental Designs | |
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| Correlational Designs | |
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| Causal Modeling | |
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| Quasi-Experimental Designs | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Formulating the Hypothesis | |
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| The Characteristics of an Experimental Hypothesis | |
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| The Inductive Model | |
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| The Deductive Model | |
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| Combining Induction and Deduction | |
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| Building on Prior Research | |
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| Serendipity and the Windfall Hypothesis | |
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| Intuition | |
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| When All Else Fails | |
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| Searching the Research Literature | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Method | |
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| The Basics of Experimentation | |
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| Independent and Dependent Variables | |
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| Operational Definitions | |
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| Evaluating Operational Definitions | |
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| Planning the Method Section | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Solving Problems: Controlling Extraneous Variables | |
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| Physical Variables | |
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| Social Variables | |
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| Personality Variables | |
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| Context Variables | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Basic Between-Subjects Designs | |
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| Selecting and Recruiting Subjects | |
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| One Independent Variable: Two Group Designs | |
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| Two Independent Groups | |
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| Two Matched Groups | |
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| Multiple Groups | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Between-Subjects Factorial Designs | |
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| More Than One Independent Variable | |
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| Laying Out a Factorial Design | |
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| A Research Example | |
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| Choosing a Between-Subjects Design | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Within-Subjects Designs | |
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| A Within-Subjects Experiment: Homophone Priming of Proper Names | |
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| Within-Subjects Factorial Designs | |
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| Mixed Designs | |
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| Advantages of Within-Subjects Designs | |
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| Disadvantages of Within-Subjects Designs | |
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| Controlling Within-Subjects Designs | |
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| How Can You Choose a Design? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Within-Subjects Designs: Small N | |
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| Small N Designs | |
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| ABA Designs | |
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| Multiple Baseline Design | |
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| Changing Criterion Designs | |
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| Discrete Trials Designs | |
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| When to Use Large N and Small N Designs | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Results: Coping with Data | |
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| Why We Need Statistics | |
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| The Argument for Using Statistics | |
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| Weighing the Evidence | |
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| Statistical Inference: An Overview | |
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| Applying Statistical Inference: An Example | |
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| Going Beyond Testing the Null Hypothesis | |
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| The Odds of Finding Significance | |
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| Test Statistics | |
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| Organizing and Summarizing Data | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Analyzing Results | |
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| Which Test Do I Use? | |
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| Statistics for Two Group Experiments | |
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| The Chi Square Test | |
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| The t Test | |
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| Analyzing Multiple Groups and Factorial Experiments | |
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| Analysis of Variance | |
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| Sources of Variability | |
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| A One-Way Between-Subjects Analysis of Variance | |
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| One-Way Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance | |
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| Analyzing Data from a Between-Subjects Factorial Experiment | |
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| Two-Way Analysis of Variance | |
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| Repeated Measures and Mixed Factorial Designs | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Discussion | |
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| Drawing Conclusions: The Search for the Elusive Bottom Line | |
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| Evaluating the Experiment from the Inside: Internal Validity | |
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| Taking a Broader Perspective: The Problem of External Validity | |
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| Handling a Nonsignificant Outcome | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Writing the Research Report | |
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| The Written Report: Purpose and Format | |
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| Major Sections | |
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| Looking at a Journal Article | |
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| Preparing Your Manuscript: Procedural Details | |
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| Making Revisions | |
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| Summary | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Review and Study Questions | |
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| Critical Thinking Exercise | |
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| Online Resources | |
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| Appendixes | |
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| Computational Formulas | |
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| Statistical Tables | |
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| A Journal Article in Manuscript Form | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |
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| Photo Credits | |