| Basic Concepts | p. 1 |
| Arguments, Premises, and Conclusions | p. 1 |
| Recognizing Arguments | p. 13 |
| Deduction and Induction | p. 31 |
| Validity, Truth, Soundness, Strength, Cogency | p. 41 |
| Argument Forms: Proving Invalidity | p. 52 |
| Extended Arguments | p. 59 |
| Language: Meaning and Definition | p. 72 |
| Varieties of Meaning | p. 72 |
| The Intension and Extension of Terms | p. 82 |
| Definitions and Their Purposes | p. 87 |
| Definitional Techniques | p. 94 |
| Criteria for Lexical Definitions | p. 104 |
| Informal Fallacies | p. 111 |
| Fallacies in General | p. 111 |
| Fallacies of Relevance | p. 114 |
| Fallacies of Weak Induction | p. 130 |
| Fallacies of Presumption, Ambiguity, and Grammatical Analogy | p. 147 |
| Fallacies in Ordinary Language | p. 170 |
| Categorical Propositions | p. 188 |
| The Components of Categorical Propositions | p. 188 |
| Quality, Quantity, and Distribution | p. 190 |
| Venn Diagrams and the Modern Square of Opposition | p. 195 |
| Conversion, Obversion, and Contraposition | p. 204 |
| The Traditional Square of Opposition | p. 214 |
| Venn Diagrams and the Traditional Standpoint | p. 224 |
| Translating Ordinary Language Statements into Categorical Form | p. 230 |
| Categorical Syllogisms | p. 242 |
| Standard Form, Mood, and Figure | p. 242 |
| Venn Diagrams | p. 249 |
| Rules and Fallacies | p. 261 |
| Reducing the Number of Terms | p. 269 |
| Ordinary Language Arguments | p. 272 |
| Enthymemes | p. 275 |
| Sorites | p. 280 |
| Propositional Logic | p. 287 |
| Symbols and Translation | p. 287 |
| Truth Functions | p. 298 |
| Truth Tables for Propositions | p. 310 |
| Truth Tables for Arguments | p. 319 |
| Indirect Truth Tables | p. 324 |
| Argument Forms and Fallacies | p. 330 |
| Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic | p. 348 |
| Rules of Implication I | p. 348 |
| Rules of Implication II | p. 359 |
| Rules of Replacement I | p. 369 |
| Rules of Replacement II | p. 380 |
| Conditional Proof | p. 390 |
| Indirect Proof | p. 395 |
| Proving Logical Truths | p. 401 |
| Predicate Logic | p. 405 |
| Symbols and Translation | p. 405 |
| Using the Rules of Inference | p. 414 |
| Change of Quantifier Rule | p. 425 |
| Conditional and Indirect Proof | p. 429 |
| Proving Invalidity | p. 435 |
| Relational Predicates and Overlapping Quantifiers | p. 441 |
| Identity | p. 453 |
| Induction | p. 468 |
| Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning | p. 468 |
| Causality and Mill's Methods | p. 487 |
| Probability | p. 508 |
| Statistical Reasoning | p. 525 |
| Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning | p. 544 |
| Science and Superstition | p. 564 |
| Answers to Selected Exercises | p. 592 |
| Glossary/Index | p. 654 |
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