| Preface | p. vii |
| Reason and Religious Belief | p. 1 |
| The Existence and Nature of God | |
| The Ontological Argument, from Proslogion | p. 6 |
| On Behalf of the Fool | p. 8 |
| The Ontological Argument | p. 11 |
| The Five Ways, from Summa Theologica | p. 22 |
| A Modern Formulation of the Cosmological Argument | p. 23 |
| The Cosmological Argument | p. 24 |
| The Puzzle of Reality: Why Does the Universe Exist? | p. 34 |
| The Argument from Design | p. 40 |
| Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, II-XI | p. 46 |
| Male-Chauvinist Religion | p. 80 |
| The Problem of Evil | |
| Rebellion, from The Brothers Karamazov | p. 89 |
| Theodicy | p. 95 |
| Evil and Omnipotence | p. 100 |
| The Magnitude, Duration and Distribution of Evil: A Theodicy | p. 108 |
| Reason and Faith | |
| The Ethics of Belief | p. 121 |
| The Will to Believe | p. 125 |
| The Wager | p. 134 |
| Miracles and Testimony, from Think | p. 137 |
| Human Knowledge: Its Grounds and Limits | p. 145 |
| Skepticism | |
| A Brain in a Vat | p. 152 |
| Outlines of Skepticism | p. 154 |
| The Problem of the Criterion | p. 159 |
| Why Not Skepticism? | p. 165 |
| Our Knowledge of the External World | |
| Meditations on First Philosophy | p. 173 |
| Proof of an External World | p. 206 |
| The Causal Theory of Perception, from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding | p. 209 |
| Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous | p. 217 |
| The Methods of Science | |
| An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding, II, IV-VII | p. 266 |
| An Encounter with David Hume | p. 291 |
| Creation, Evolution and Public Education | p. 311 |
| Believing Where We Cannot Prove, from Abusing Science | p. 321 |
| Mind and Its Place in Nature | p. 337 |
| The Mind-Body Problem | |
| Dualisms, from Body and Mind 2nd ed | p. 342 |
| The Qualia Problem | p. 355 |
| The Mind Is the Brain, from Introducing Persons | p. 359 |
| Behaviorism, Materialism and Functionalism, from Matter and Consciousness | p. 368 |
| Can Non-Humans Think? | |
| Minds, Brains, and Programs | p. 384 |
| Robots and Minds, from Consciousness | p. 397 |
| Star Witness | p. 403 |
| Personal Identity and the Survival of Death | |
| Where Am I?, from Brainstorms | p. 420 |
| Survival: The Problem of Identity | p. 428 |
| A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality | p. 434 |
| Determinism, Free Will and Responsibility | p. 455 |
| Hard Determinism: The Case for Determinism and Its Incompatibility with any Important Sense of Free Will | |
| The Illusion of Free Will, from System of Nature | p. 462 |
| A Defense of Hard Determinism, from How Free Are You? | p. 467 |
| Compatibilism: The Case for Determinism and Its Compatibility with the Most Important Sense of Free Will | |
| Freedom and Necessity, from Philosophical Essays | p. 481 |
| The Problem of Free Will, from Religion and the Modern Mind | p. 486 |
| Libertarianism: The Case for Free Will and Its Incompatibility with Determinism | |
| Human Freedom and the Self | p. 492 |
| Free Will: Ancient Dispute, New Themes | p. 499 |
| Freedom and Moral Responsibility | |
| The Impossibility of Moral Responsibility | p. 513 |
| Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility | p. 523 |
| Moral Luck | p. 529 |
| Morality and its Critics | p. 538 |
| Challenges to Morality | |
| Psychological Egoism | p. 547 |
| Ethical Egoism, from The Elements of Moral Philosophy | p. 559 |
| The Immoralist's Challenge from The Republic Book II | p. 567 |
| Socrates' Answer (in part) from The Republic, Books, II, III and IV | p. 573 |
| Master and Slave Morality from Beyond Good and Evil | p. 598 |
| Proposed Standards of Right Conduct | |
| Ethical Subjectivism | p. 604 |
| The Challenge of Cultural Relativism, from The Elements of Moral Philosophy | p. 616 |
| The Nature of Virtue, from Nicomachean Ethics | p. 624 |
| Leviathan, Part I, Chapters XIII-XV | p. 640 |
| Justice as Fairness, from A Theory of Justice | p. 654 |
| God and Morality | p. 664 |
| The Good Will and The Categorical Imperative, from Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals | p. 679 |
| Utilitarianism, chapters 1 and 2 | p. 694 |
| Applied Ethics | |
| Famine, Affluence, and Morality | p. 708 |
| Kantian Approaches to Some Famine Problems | p. 716 |
| The Survival Lottery | p. 722 |
| Active and Passive Euthanasia | p. 727 |
| A Reply to Rachels on Active and Passive Euthanasia | p. 731 |
| A Defense of Abortion | p. 739 |
| An Argument that Abortion Is Wrong | p. 750 |
| All Animals Are Equal | p. 761 |
| Glossary | p. 775 |
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