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| About This Volume | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Illustrations, Tables, and Boxes | |
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| About the Author | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Understanding African Politics and Society | |
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| Africa Is a Rich Mosaic of Diversity | |
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| Necessity of a Continental Perspective | |
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| To Understand the Present, One Must Understand the Past | |
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| A Continent in Transformation | |
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| Influential Impact of the International System | |
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| Central Importance of the Domestic Dimension | |
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| Balancing Afro-Pessimism and Afro-Optimism | |
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| Undertaking Further Research | |
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| Historical Context | |
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| Politics and Economics of the Precolonial Independence Era (Before 1884) | |
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| Segmented Political Systems | |
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| Band Organization | |
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| Classical Segmented System | |
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| Universalistic Segmented System | |
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| Ritually Stratified Segmented System | |
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| Autonomous Village System | |
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| Centralized Political Systems | |
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| Pyramidal Monarchy | |
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| Associational Monarchy | |
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| Centralized Monarchy | |
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| Economic Systems and Trade | |
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| Diplomacy and Warfare | |
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| Women and Gender | |
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| Political and Economic Impacts of Colonialism (1884-1951) | |
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| Early Contacts with Europe and the Arab World | |
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| Imposition of Direct Colonial Rule | |
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| Political-Military Impacts of Colonialism | |
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| Application of the European Nation-State System to Africa | |
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| Division of African Nations among Several States | |
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| Incorporation of Several African Nations into One State | |
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| Destruction of Traditional Checks-and-Balances | |
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| Reinforcement of Patriarchal Forms of Governance | |
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| Authoritarian Political Legacy | |
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| Socioeconomic Impacts of Colonialism | |
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| Creation of Closed Economic Systems | |
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| Creation of Export-Oriented Mono-Crop or Mono-Mineral Economies | |
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| Promotion of Perverse Infrastructural Development | |
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| Strengthening of Gender Bias in National Development | |
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| Authoritarian Legacy of the State | |
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| Nationalism and the Emergence of the Contemporary Independence Era (1951-Present) | |
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| Trends in African Nationalism | |
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| Domestic Influences on the Rise of Nationalism | |
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| Creation of Administrative Centers and the Rise of Urbanization | |
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| Educational Training and Development | |
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| Formation and Spread of Voluntary Associations | |
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| International Influences on the Rise of Nationalism | |
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| Spread of Pan-Africanism | |
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| Involvement of African Soldiers in World War I and World War II | |
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| Demonstration Effect of Decolonization in Asia | |
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| Shifting Structure of the International System | |
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| Self-Determination and the Rise of Secessionist Movements | |
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| Sociocultural Environment | |
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| Ethnicity and Class | |
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| Ethnic Dimension of African Politics and Society | |
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| Ethnic Intermediaries and the Creation of Ethnic Compacts | |
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| Ethnic Violence and the Breakdown of Ethnic Compacts | |
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| Class Dimension of African Politics and Society | |
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| Class Divisions in African Society | |
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| Class Cooperation and Conflict | |
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| Competing Explanations of the Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970) | |
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| Perceiving Events through an Ethnic Lens | |
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| Perceiving Events through a Class Lens | |
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| Continuing Debate | |
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| Ideology and the Politics of Development | |
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| Evolution of African Development Ideologies | |
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| Ideology and Development Choice | |
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| Primary Purpose of Development | |
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| Primary Engine of Development | |
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| Role of Agriculture in National Development | |
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| Perception of the Rural Peasantry | |
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| Role of Foreign Powers and Investment | |
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| Ideology and Development Performance | |
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| Economic Growth | |
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| Socioeconomic Equality | |
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| Autonomy from Foreign Control | |
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| Human Dignity | |
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| Political Participation | |
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| Toward a Capitalist-Socialist Hybrid? | |
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| Politics of the African Novel | |
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| Political Dilemmas Faced by the African Novelist | |
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| Political Themes of the African Novel during the Early Years | |
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| Re-Creation of Africa's Past | |
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| Colonial Intrusion | |
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| Colonial Injustice | |
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| Nationalism and Independence | |
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| Disenchantment with Elites | |
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| Freedom as Despair | |
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| Status of Women in African Society | |
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| Emergence of Politically Committed African Novelists | |
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| Neglected Popular Elements of Society | |
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| Destructive Nature of Societal Divisions | |
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| Promoting Gender Equality | |
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| Nuruddin Farah and the Politics of Commitment in Somalia | |
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| Early Years as Critic of Social Injustice | |
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| Qualified Optimism after the 1969 Military Coup d'Etat | |
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| Opposition to the Dictatorship of Siad Barre | |
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| Evolving African Identity | |
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| Politics of the African Novel in Perspective | |
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| Continuity and Change in Governance | |
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| State and Civil Society | |
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| Concentration of State Power at the Expense of Civil Society | |
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| Africanization of the State | |
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| Bureaucratic Expansion and the Growth of Parastatals | |
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| Dismantling of Institutional Checks-and-Balances | |
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| Co-Optation and the Silencing of Civil Society | |
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| Expansion of the Coercive Apparatus | |
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| Creation of Personal Rule Networks | |
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| Crisis of the State and the Resurgence of Civil Society | |
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| Deepening Economic Crisis | |
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| Growing Inability to Provide Social Goods | |
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| Resurgence of Civil Society | |
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| Intensification of Domestic Violence and Conflict | |
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| In Search of a State-Society Balance | |
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| Military Coups d'Etat and Military Governance | |
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| Trends in Military Coups d'Etat | |
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| Role of the Military in Political Governance | |
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| Civilian Supremacy Model | |
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| Watchdog Model | |
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| Balance Wheel Model | |
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| Direct Rule Model | |
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| Social Transformation Model | |
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| Myths Concerning the Effectiveness of Military Governance | |
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| Military Enjoys Greater Legitimacy | |
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| Military Rule Is More Efficient | |
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| Military Is Best Able to Maintain Stability | |
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| Military Constitutes a Better Unifying Structure | |
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| Military Is Best Prepared to Promote Development | |
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| Demilitarization and Transitions to Civilian Rule | |
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| Democratic Experiments and Multiparty Politics | |
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| Establishment of Single-Party Political Systems | |
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| Political Transition and Experimentation with Multiparty Politics | |
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| Change via Multiparty Elections | |
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| Change via the National Conference | |
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| Guided Democratization | |
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| Co-Opted Transitions | |
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| Authoritarian Reaction | |
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| Civil War and Contested Sovereignty | |
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| Democratic Consolidation or Decay? | |
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| Foreign Relations | |
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| Foreign Policy Making and the Pursuit of Pan-Africanism | |
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| Understanding the Foreign Policy-Making Context | |
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| President and Bureaucracies of the Executive Branch | |
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| Role of National Legislatures in Foreign Policy | |
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| Foreign Policy Impact of Nongovernmental Actors | |
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| Pan-Africanism and the Search for African Unity | |
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| Regional Economic Cooperation and Integration | |
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| Africa in World Politics | |
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| Role of Foreign Powers | |
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| Great Powers and African during the Cold War (1947-1989) | |
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| Complementary Interests among the Western Powers | |
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| Africa as a Proxy Battlefield for East-West Conflict | |
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| Contradictions in the Search for Allies | |
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| Cold War to Cold Peace (1989-Present) | |
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| Evolving Foreign Policy Interests | |
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| Economic Competition among the Great Powers | |
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| Rhetoric versus Reality in Support for Democratization | |
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| Involvement in the United Nations | |
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| Influence of International Financial Institutions | |
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| Evolving Equation of Military Intervention | |
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| Rival Theoretical Perspectives | |
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| Study of Africa in the Liberal Tradition | |
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| Predominance of Modernization Theory (1950s-Early 1960s) | |
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| Rise of Modernization Revisionism (Late 1960s) | |
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| Concern with Stability and the Politics of Order (Late 1960s-Early 1970s) | |
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| Demands for Policy Relevance and Public Policy Research (Mid-1970s-1980s) | |
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| New Directions (1990s-Present) | |
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| Study of Africa in the Critical Tradition | |
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| Dependency Theory and the Development of Underdevelopment (Late 1960s-Early 1970s) | |
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| Circulationist Revisions of Dependency Theory (1970s) | |
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| Marxism's Impact on the Development of Critical Thought (Early 1970s) | |
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| Marxism and the Emergence of a Neo-Marxist School of Thought (Late 1970s-1980s) | |
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| New Directions (1990s-Present) | |
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| List of Acronyms | |
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| Country Name Changes in Africa during the Contemporary Independence Era | |
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| Political Leadership in Africa during the Contemporary Independence Era | |
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| Index | |