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| Rights | |
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| Research Ethics and Informed Consent | |
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| Classic Case Presentation: Jesse Gelsinger: The First Gene-Therapy Death | |
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| Briefing Session | |
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| Drug Testing | |
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| The "Informed" Part of Informed Consent | |
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| The "Consent" Part of Informed Consent | |
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| Medical Research and Medical Therapy | |
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| Financial Conflict of Interest | |
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| Placebos and Research | |
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| Therapeutic and Nontherapeutic Research | |
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| Research Involving Children | |
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| Research Involving Prisoners | |
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| Research Involving the Poor | |
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| Research Involving the Terminally Ill | |
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| Research Involving Fetuses | |
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| Research Involving Animals | |
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| Women and Medical Research | |
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| Summary | |
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| Ethical Theories: Medical Research and Informed Consent | |
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| Utilitarianism | |
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| Kant | |
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| Ross | |
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| Natural Law | |
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| Rawls | |
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| Case Presentation: Baby Fae | |
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| Social Context: Clinical Trials, HIV, and Pregnancy: A Third-World Tuskegee? Social Context: The Cold-War Radiation Experiments | |
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| Case Presentation: The Willowbrook Hepatitis Experiments | |
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| Case Presentation: Echoes of Willowbrook or Tuskegee? Experimenting with Children | |
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| Case Presentation: The Use of Morally Tainted Sources: The Pernkopf Anatomy | |
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| Readings | |
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| Consent and Experimentation | |
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| Phase I Cancer Trials: A Collusion of Misunderstanding | |
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| Philosophical Reflections on Experimenting with Human Subjects | |
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| The Willowbrook Letters: Criticism and Defense | |
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| Judgment on Willowbrook | |
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| Physicians, Patients, and Others: Autonomy, Truth Telling, and Confidentiality | |
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| Classic Case Presentation: Donald (Dax) Cowart Rejects Treatment - and Is Ignored | |
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| Briefing Session | |
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| Autonomy | |
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| Paternalism | |
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| State Paternalism in Medical and Health Care | |
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| Personal Paternalism in Medical and Health Care | |
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| Informed Consent and Medical Treatment | |
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| Free and Informed Consent | |
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| Parents and Children | |
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| Pregnancy and Autonomy | |
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| Truth Telling in Medicine | |
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| Placebos | |
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| Dignity and Consent | |
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| Confidentiality (Privacy) | |
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| Breaching Confidentiality | |
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| Duty to Warn? Managed Care | |
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| Federal Privacy Regulations | |
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| Ethical Theories: Autonomy, Truth Telling, Confidentality | |
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| Case Presentation: Medical ID Cards and Privacy | |
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| Social Context: Autonomy and Pregnancy | |
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| Case Presentation: The Death of Robyn Twitchell and Christian Science | |
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| Readings | |
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| Consent to Medical Treatment | |
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| Gerald Dworkin: Paternalism | |
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| Confronting Death: Who Chooses, Who Controls? A Dialogue | |
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| Transparency: Informed Consent in Primary Care | |
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| Autonomy and Pregnancy | |
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| Punishing Mothers | |
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| Pregnancy and Prenatal Harm to Offspring | |
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| Truth Telling | |
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| On Telling Patients the Truth | |
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| Respect for Patients, Physicians, and the Truth | |
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| Confidentiality | |
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| Confidentiality in Medicine--A Decrepit Concept | |
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| Supreme Court of California: Decision in the Tarasoff Case | |
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| Decision Scenarios | |
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| HIV/AIDS | |
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| Classic Case Presentation: The Way It Was: Tod Thompson, Dallas, 1993-1994 | |
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| Briefing Session | |
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| Combination Therapy: AIDS on the Run | |
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| Decline in Death Rate | |
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| Infection Rates | |
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| Protease Inhibitors and Combination Drug Therapy | |
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| Limits of the Therapy | |
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| Best with New Infections | |
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| Drug Resistance | |
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| Virus Remains | |
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| Costs | |
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| Side Effects | |
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| Difficult Regimen | |
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| False Security | |
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| Origin of the Aids Virus | |
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| Spread of the Disease | |
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| Children | |
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| Deaths | |
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| The Future | |
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| Case Presentation: Will Teresa Blair Take Her Medicine? Social Context: What About A Vaccine? Social Context: AIDS in Africa: What Should Be Done? Readings | |
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| Responsibility and Confidentiality | |
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| The Irresponsibility that Spreads AIDS | |
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| The Great Hijack | |
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| Controlling AIDS/HIV Forever: Guidelines for Using Protease Inhibitors | |
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| HIV Testing | |
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| Bob Hunter and Jay Angoff: Insurers Are Right on AIDS Testing | |
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| An Insidious Test for AIDS | |
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| AIDS Trials in Africa | |
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| Human Rights and Maternal-Fetal HIV Transmission | |
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| Prevention Trials in Africa | |
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| We're Trying to Help Our Sickest People, Not Exploit Them | |
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| Decision Scenarios | |
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| Race, Gender, and Medicine | |
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| Classic Case Presentation: Bad Blood, Bad Faith: The Tuskegee Syphilis Study | |
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| Briefing Session | |
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| African Americans and Health Care | |
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| Programs Haven't Eliminated the Difference | |
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| Why the Gap? The Tuskegee Effect | |
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| AIDS | |
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| Clinical Trials | |
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| Children's Health | |
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| Organ Transplants | |
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| Closing the Gap | |
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| American Indians and Alaska Natives and Health Care | |
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| Indian Health Service | |
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| Causes of Death | |
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| Summary | |
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| Asian and Pacific Islanders and Health Care | |
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| Health Profile | |
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| Summary | |
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| Hispanic Americans/Latinos and Health Care | |
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| Health Profile | |
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| Recent Changes | |
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| Women and Health Care | |
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| Include Women, Study Women | |
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| Additional Support | |
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| Positive Changes | |
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| Backlash or Balance? Conclusion | |
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| Case Presentation: Lee Lor: Caught in a Culture Conflict | |
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| Social Context: The Mammography Debate | |
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| Social Context: The Prostate Cancer Epidemic | |
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| Readings | |
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| Perspectives on Gender and Race | |
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| Gender, Race, and Class in the Delivery of Health Care | |
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| Bioethics: The Need for a Dialogue with African Americans | |
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| Conducting Research | |
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| Women and Underserved Populations: Access to Clinical Trials | |
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| The Dangers of Difference: The Legacy of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study | |
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| Setting Public Policy | |
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| The Demise of Affirmative Action and the Future of Health Care | |
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| Kenneth De Ville: Parties to the Social Contract? Justice and Health Care for Undocumented | |
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| Immigrants | |
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| Decision Scenarios | |
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| Controls | |
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| Genetic Control | |
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| Classic Case Presentation: The Stem-Cell Debate | |
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| Briefing Session | |
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| Genetic Intervention: Screening, Counseling, and Diagnosis | |
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| Genetic Screening | |
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| Genetic Counseling | |
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| Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis | |
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| Ethical Difficulties with Genetic Intervention | |
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| Eugenics | |
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| Negative and Positive Eugenics | |
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| Use of Desirable Germ Cells | |
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| Ethical Difficulties with Eugenics | |
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| Genetic Research, Therapy, and Technology | |
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| Recombinant DNA | |
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| Gene Therapy | |
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| Biohazards.Ethical Difficulties with Genetic Research, Therapy, and Technology | |
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| Social Context: The Holy Grail of Biology: The Human Genome Project | |
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| Case Presentation: Huntington's Disease: Genetic Testing and Ethical Dilemmas | |
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| Social Context: Genetic Testing and Screening | |
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| Case Presentation: Gene Therapy | |
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| Readings | |
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| Stem Cells | |
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| President's Council on Bioethics: Cloning and Stem Cells | |
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| Pontifical Academy for Life: Declaration on the Production and the Scientific and Therapeutic Use of Human Embryonic Stem Cells | |
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| Regulated Cloning for Biomedical Research | |
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| Genetic Testing | |
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| Pitfalls of Genetic Testing | |
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| Disowning Knowledge: Issues in Genetic Testing | |
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| Genetic Counseling | |
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| Genetic Dilemmas and the Child's Right to an Open Future | |
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| Genetic Testing and Reproductive Decisions | |
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| Genetics and Reproductive Risk: Can Having Children be Immoral? | |
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| Implications of Prenatal Diagnosis for the Human Right to Life | |
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| Gene Therapy | |
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| Germ-Line Therapy and the Medical Imperative | |
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| Decision Scenarios | |
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| Reproductive Control | |
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| Classic Case Presentation: Hello, Dolly: The Advent of Reproductive Cloning | |
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| Briefing Session | |
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| IVF, GIFT, ZIFT, and Other Techniques IVF. GIFT, ZIFT, IVC, ULER, PZD, ICSI, DNA Transfer, and CD | |
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| Need, Success Rates, and Costs of Assisted Reproduction | |
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| Multiple Births | |
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| Freezing Embryos | |
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| Gestational Surrogates and Donor Ova | |
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| Criticisms of Assisted Reproduction Practices | |
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| Benefits of IVF and Other Forms of Assisted Reproduction | |
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| Ethical and Social Difficulties | |
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| Cloning and Twinning | |
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| Artificial Insemination | |
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| The Procedure | |
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| Reasons for Seeking Artificial Insemination | |
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| Types of Artificial Insemination | |
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| Sperm Donors | |
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| Issues in Artificial Insemination | |
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| Ova Donors | |
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| Surrogate Pregnancy | |
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| Ethical Theories and Reproductive Control | |
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| Case Presentation: Louise Brown: The First "Test-Tube" Baby | |
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| Case Presentation: Septuplets: The Perils of Multiple Pregnancies | |
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| Social Context: Post-Menopausal Motherhood | |
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| Social Context: Father Shopping: Sperm by Mail | |
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| Case Presentation: Baby M and Mary Beth Whitehead: Surrogate Pregnancy in Court | |
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| Case Presentation: The Calvert Case: A Gestational Surrogate Changes Her Mind | |
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| Readings | |
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| Section | |
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| Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith: Instruction on Respect for Human Life in Its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation: Replies to Certain Questions of the Day | |
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| Gillian Hanscombe: The Right to Lesbian Parenthood | |
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| "Give Me Children or I Shall Die!" New Reproductive Technologies and Harm to Children | |
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| Medical Miracle or Medical Mischief? The Saga of the McCaughey Septuplets | |
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| Surrogate Pregnancy | |
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| Surrogate Motherhood as Prenatal Adoption | |
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| Is Women's Labor a Commodity? | |
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| Human Cloning | |
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| The Wisdom of Repugnance | |
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| National Bioethics Advisory Commission: Cloning Human Beings: Ethical Considerations | |
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| Decision Scenarios | |
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| Resources | |
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| Scarce Medical Resources | |
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| Classic Case Presentation: Selection Committee for Dialysis | |
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| Briefing Session | |
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| Transplants, Kidneys, and Machines | |
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| Controlling Rejection | |
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| Allocation and Scarcity | |
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| Seattle and Kidney Machines | |
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| Dialysis Costs and Decisions | |
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| Microallocation versus Macroallocation | |
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| Ethical Theories and the Allocation of Medical Resources | |
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| Social Context: Acquiring and Allocating Transplant Organs | |
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| Case Presentation: Sandra Jensen Gets an Implant | |
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| Social Context: Fetal-Cell Implants | |
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| Case Presentation: The Ayalas' Solution: Having a Child to Save a Life | |
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| Case Presentation: Drug Lottery: The Betaseron Shortage | |
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| Readings | |
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| Allocation Principles | |
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| The Allocation of Exotic Medical Lifesaving Therapy | |
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| Acquiring Transplant Organs | |
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| The Donor's Right to Take a Risk | |
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| Conscription of Cadaveric Organs for Transplantation: Let's At Least Talk About It | |
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| Michael Kinsley: Take My Kidney, Please | |
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| Ethics of Paid Organ Donation | |
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| Allocating Transplant Organs | |
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| The Prostitute, the Playboy, and the Poet: Rationing Schemes for Organ Transplantation | |
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| Carl Cohen, Martin Benjamin, and the Ethics and Social Impact Committee of the Transplant and Health Policy Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan: Alcoholics and Liver Tranplantation | |
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| Decision Scenarios | |