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| Editor''s Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Logic and Argument | |
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| Deduction and Induction | |
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| Statements, Propositions, and Context | |
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| Use and Mention | |
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| Statement Logic I: A New Language | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Truth-Functionally Compound Statements | |
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| Symbolizing Simple and Compound Statements | |
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| Symbolizing More Complex Statements and Arguments | |
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| Spelling It Out Formally | |
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| Statement Logic Ii: Semantic Methods | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Truth Tables | |
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| Formalized Semantics for SL | |
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| Truth-Functional Validity and Tautologousness | |
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| Further Semantic Properties and Relationships | |
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| Truth-Functional Consistency | |
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| The Material Conditional Revisited | |
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| Brief Truth Tables | |
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| Truth Trees | |
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| Using Truth Trees to Test for Other Semantic Properties | |
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| The Adequacy of the Tree Method | |
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| statement logic iii: syntactic methods | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Whole Line Inference Rules for DSL | |
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| Replacement Rules for DSL | |
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| Conditional Proof and Reduction ad Absurdum | |
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| Proof Strategy | |
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| Proving Tautologousness and Other Semantic Properties | |
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| The Adequacy of the Natural Deduction System DSL | |
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| Additional Inference Rules | |
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| A Second Look at the Truth Table for the Material Conditional | |
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| Predicate Logic I: Syntax And Semantics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Informal Introduction to the Language of Predicate Logic | |
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| Syntax for L | |
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| Formal Semantics I: Interpretations | |
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| Formal Semantics II: Truth Under an Interpretation | |
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| Symbolizing English I: Monadic Logic and Categorical Forms | |
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| Symbolizing English II: Polyadic Logic and Nested Quantifiers | |
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| Semantic Properties and Relationships for L | |
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| Classifying Logical Relations | |
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| Predicate Logic Ii: Semantic Methods | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Truth Trees | |
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| Reading Interpretations From Finished Open Paths | |
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| The Problem of Infinite Trees | |
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| The Adequacy of the Tree Method for Lm and L | |
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| Soundness, Completeness, and Undecidability | |
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| Monadic Predicate Logic Iii: Syntactic Methods | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Rules UI, EG, and Q | |
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| The Rules UG, R, PA-EI and EI | |
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| The Adequacy of DL | |
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| Extensions To L: Identity, Relations And Functions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Syntax and Semantics for L | |
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| Symbolization in L= I: ''At Least'', ''At Most'', and ''Exactly'' | |
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| Symbolization in L= II: Identity and Polyadic Predicates | |
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| Truth Trees for L | |
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| Natural Deduction in L | |
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| Syntax and Semantics for L | |
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| Symbolization in L | |
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| Truth Trees in L | |
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| Natural Deduction in L | |
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| Some Applications And Limitations Of L | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Definite Descriptions and Ontological Commitment | |
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| Axiom Systems for Arithmetic | |
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| The Incompleteness of Arithmetic | |
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| Applications of Axiomatic Theories to the Philosophy of Science | |
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| Higher Order Logic | |
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| Modal Logic | |
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| Strict and Counterfactual Conditionals | |
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| General Intensional Logic | |
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| Deontic Logic | |
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| Free Logic | |
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| Many-Valued Logic | |
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| Further Reading in Logic | |
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| Answer to Selected Exercises | |
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| Index | |