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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| The Study of Christianity Through Primary Sources | |
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| The Study of Christianity | |
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| The Nature and Variety of the Readings | |
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| Primary Sources of Christianity and the World Wide Web | |
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| The Plan of This Book | |
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| Suggestions for Reading Profitably | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Biblical Foundations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Names | |
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| Historical Sketch | |
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| Literary Genres of the Primary Sources | |
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| Uses | |
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| Events | |
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| The Call of Abraham (Genesis 12:1-7) | |
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| Deliverance from Egypt (Exodus 14:5-8, 10-11, 13-26, 28, 31) | |
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| Ezra's Enforcement of Law Observance (Ezra 9:1-6; 10:3-12) | |
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| The Birth of Jesus the Messiah (Matthew 1:18-25) | |
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| Jesus' Miracles (Luke 8:26-56) | |
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| The Arrest, Trial and Death of Jesus (Mark 14:43-50, 53-65; 15:1-41) | |
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| The Resurrection of Jesus (Mark 16:1-8) | |
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| The Coming of the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:1-21) | |
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| Persecution of the Apostles (Acts 5:27-35, 38-42) | |
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| Two Views of the Council at Jerusalem (Acts 15:1-21, Galatians 2:1-10) | |
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| Institution | |
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| The Twelve Apostles and Their Mission (Matthew 10:1-15) | |
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| Peter as the Rock (Matthew 16:13-20) | |
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| Early and Late Pauline Teaching on Church Leadership (Romans 16:1-7; I Timothy 3:1-13) | |
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| The Eucharist (Matthew 26:17-19, 26-29; John 6:35-51) | |
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| Baptism (Matthew 28:16-20; Romans 6:1-11) | |
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| Women in the Church (Luke 10:38-42; I Corinthians 11:2-16; Galatians 3:27-28; I Timothy 2:8-15) | |
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| Teaching | |
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| Creation and Revolt (Genesis 1:26-2:9; 2:15-3:24) | |
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| The Oneness of God (Deuteronomy 6:4-9) | |
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| The Parables of Jesus (Mark 4:1-34; Luke 10:29-37) | |
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| The Word Became Human (John 1:1-18) | |
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| Attack on Gnosis (I John 4:1-6) | |
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| Results of Justification (Romans 5:1-11) | |
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| The End of Time (Matthew 25:31-46; Revelation 20:1-21:4) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| The Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:1-19) | |
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| The Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7) | |
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| Love (I Corinthians 13:1-13) | |
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| Ethics in the Christian Household (Ephesians 5:21-6:9) | |
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| Relations | |
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| Christians and Gentile Life (Romans 1:18-32; I Corinthians 8; Acts 17:22-28) | |
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| Paul on Judaism (Romans 2:17-3:4) | |
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| Two Attitudes toward Government (Romans 13:1-10; Revelation 17:1-8; 18:1-5) | |
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| Additional Bible Readings | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Ancient Christianity (100-500) | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Names | |
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| Historical Sketch | |
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| Literary Genres of the Primary Sources | |
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| Events | |
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| The Martyrdom of Peter and Paul Recollected (Clement, First Epistle to the Corinthians 5) | |
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| Roman Investigation of Christians (Pliny, Letters 10.96, 97) | |
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| Martyrdom of a Young Christian Woman (Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas, Preface, 1.1-2, 2.2, 6.1-4) | |
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| The Great Persecutions (Lactantius, The Deaths of the Persecutors 11-13) | |
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| The Victory and Conversion of Constantine (Eusebius, Life of Constantine) | |
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| The Edict of Toleration (Lactantius, The Death of the Persecutors 48) | |
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| Theodosius' Prohibition of Worship of the Roman Gods (Theodosian Code 16:10, 12) | |
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| Institution | |
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| Papal Primacy Derived from Petrine Primacy (Pope Leo I, Sermons 4.2-4) | |
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| The Scripture Canon in Formation (Irenaeus, Against Heresies 1.27.2; Muratorian Canon) | |
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| Offices of the Church in the Second Century (Polycarp, Letter to the Philippians 4.2-6.3) | |
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| The Deaconess (Teaching of the Apostles 3.15-17) | |
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| An Ancient Christian Service (Justin, Apology 65-66) | |
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| Baptism in the Second and Third Centuries (The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles [Didache] 7; Hippolytus, Apostolic Tradition 3.21.1-3.22.6) | |
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| The Eucharist (Hippolytus, Apostolic Tradition 43) | |
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| A Pilgrim Nun Worships in Eastern-Rite Jerusalem (Egeria and Her Travels 24-25) | |
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| The Beginnings of Monasticism (Athanasius, Life of Saint Anthony 2, 5, 9, 14, 47) | |
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| The Earliest Surviving Hymn (Oxyrhynchus Papyri 15.1786) | |
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| Teaching 85 | |
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| The Rule of Faith (Tertullian, Prescription against Heretics 13) | |
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| Gnostic Christianity and Orthodox Christianity in Conflict (Gospel of Truth 34-41; Irenaeus, Against Heresies, Preface 1.1-2, 7.1-5) | |
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| Women and Gnosticism (Gospel of Mary 7.8-18) | |
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| The Threefold Interpretation of Scripture Explained and Illustrated (Origen, On First Principles 4.2.4-4.3.5; Homily on Luke 2) | |
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| The Ecumenical Creeds (Apostles', Original Nicene, Niceno-Constantinopolitan, Chalcedonian) | |
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| The Arian Controversy (Letter of Arius to Eusebius of Nicomedia; Letter of Constantine to the Orthodox Churches of Alexandria, Egypt; Athanasius, Against the Arians 3.4) | |
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| Pelagius and Augustine on Free Will, Human Responsibility, and Divine Election (Pelagius, Letter to Demetrias; Augustine, Admonition and Grace 1.2, 2.3-4, 7.13, 17; The Decrees of the Council of Carthage) | |
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| Popular Christian Beliefs on Death and Eternal Life (Roman Catacomb Inscriptions) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| The Two Ways (Didache 1, 5-6) | |
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| Christian Morality in Diverse Cultures (Epistle to Diognetus 5) | |
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| Two Views of War (Tertullian, On the Crown 11; Augustine, The City of God 19.7) | |
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| Augustine's Conversion (Confessions 8.12.28-30) | |
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| Relations | |
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| Opposing Attitudes toward Greek Philosophy (Clement of Alexandria, Stromata 1; Tertullian, Prescription against the Heretics 7) | |
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| Popular Opposition to Christians (The Alexamenos Graffito) | |
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| Christianity and Judaism (Justin, Dialogue with Trypho 68; John Chrysostom, Sermons against Judaizing Christians 8.5) | |
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| Conflict between Christian Emperor and Church (Ambrose, Letters 20.19, 22-28) | |
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| Christianity and the Fall of Rome (Augustine, City of God 2.2-3) | |
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| Augustine on the Suppression of Heresy (Letters 23.7, 93.16-17, 185.11-24) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Christianity in Byzantine, Medieval, and Renaissance Times (500-1500) | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Names | |
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| Historical Sketch | |
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| Literary Genres of the Primary Sources | |
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| Events | |
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| Benedict's Life and Miracles (Pope Gregory I, Dialogues on the Lives and Miracles of the Italian Fathers 2, Preface) | |
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| Two Early Missions (Bede, Ecclesiastical History of England, 1.23, 25; John of Monte Corvino, Letter from China) | |
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| Pope Urban II Calls for a Crusade, and a Noble Dissent (Acts of God through Francis 1.382-384; Roger Niger, On a Military Matter) | |
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| East and West Formally Separate (Humbert of Silva Candida, Letter Excommunicating Michael Cerularius; Michael Cerularius, Decree of Excommunication) | |
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| Popular Religious Responses to the Great Plague (Jean le Bel, True Chronicles, for the years 1347-48) | |
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| Women and Witchcraft (Heinrich Kraemer and Jacob Sprenger, Hammer against Witches) | |
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| Historical Criticism Begins in the Italian Renaissance (Lorenzo Valla, Theological Calumnies) | |
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| Institution | |
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| The Organization of Monastic Communities (The Benedictine Rule 22, 33, 38, 58) | |
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| The Iconoclastic Controversy (John of Damascus, On Holy Images 4.16; Decree of the Council of 754; Decree of the Seventh Ecumenical Council [787]) | |
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| Mandatory Celibacy of the Roman Catholic Clergy (Body of Canon Law 81.15) | |
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| Devotion to the Virgin Mary (Caesar of Heisterbach, Dialogues on Miracles 7.34; Akathistos Hymn; Hail Mary and Angelus Prayers) | |
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| The Jesus Prayer (Symeon the New Theologian, Method of Holy Prayer and Attention) | |
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| The Late Medieval View of Death ("Day of Wrath" Hymn) | |
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| Teaching | |
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| The First Eucharistic Debate (Paschasius Radbertus, Christ's Body and Blood 1, 3, 4; Ratramnus, Christ's Body and Blood 5-11, 49) | |
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| Scholastic Argument on Proving the Existence of God (Anselm, Preface 2-3; Gaunilo, Response to Anselm; Aquinas, Summa theologiae 1a, Q. 2) | |
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| The Relationship of Faith and Reason (Aquinas, Summa theologiae 1a. 1.1) | |
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| Theories of the Atonement (Anselm, Why God Became Human 1.25; Abelard, Exposition of the Epistle to the Romans 3) | |
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| Mystical Views of Christ (Hildegard of Bingen, Visions 2; Catherine of Siena, Dialogue 26-28; Julian of Norwich, Revelations of Divine Love 58) | |
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| The High Point of Renaissance Humanism (Pico della Mirandola, "Oration on the Dignity of Man") | |
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| Ethics | |
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| A Christian Mother's Instructions to Her Son (Dhuoda, Manual of William) | |
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| Christians and the Natural World (Francis of Assisi, "The Song of Brother Sun") | |
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| Complaints about University Students (Alvarus Pelagius, The Church's Complaint) | |
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| The Discipline of the Inner Life (Thomas a Kempis, The Imitation of Christ 2.1) | |
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| Relations | |
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| Byzantine Views of Church and Empire (Justinian, The New Laws, Title 6: Sixth New Constitution, Preface of the First Collection) | |
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| A Christian Elf Charm (The Cotton Caligula Manuscript) | |
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| Christianity and Islam in Conflict (Quran 2: 105-115; Aquinas, Summa against the Pagans 1.2.3, 1.6.4) | |
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| The Peace of God and the Truce of God (Declaration of the Synod of Charroux; Declaration of Drogo, Bishop of Terouanne) | |
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| The Investiture Controversy (Henry IV, Letter to Pope Gregory VII; Pope Gregory VII, Letter to Henry) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Reform in Western Christianity (1500-1600) | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Names | |
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| Historical Sketch | |
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| Literary Genres of the Primary Sources | |
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| Events | |
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| A Critique of the Church's Ills (Erasmus, The Praise of Folly) | |
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| Sermon for the Sale of Indulgences (Tetzel, Specimen Sermon 2) | |
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| Luther's Protest against Indulgences (Martin Luther, Ninety-Five Theses) | |
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| Luther Defies Charges of Heresy (Martin Luther, Speech before the Diet at Worms) | |
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| The Peasants' Revolt (Thomas Muntzer, Vindication and Refutation; Twelve Articles of the Peasants; Martin Luther, Against the Murdering and Pillaging Peasants) | |
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| The Trial and Death of Michael Sattler (T. van Braght, Martyr's Mirror) | |
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| The King of England Becomes Head of the Anglican Church (English Parliament, Supremacy Act) | |
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| The Execution of Michael Servetus Contested (David Joris, Letter to Servetus's Judges; Court of Geneva, Verdict and Sentence for Michael Servetus) | |
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| Elizabeth I Enforces the "Middle Way" (English Parliament, Act against Puritans) | |
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| Religious Liberty in France (Henry IV, Edict of Nantes; Louis XIV, Revocation of the Edict of Nantes) | |
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| Jesuit Missions in Asia (Francis Xavier, Letter to the Society at Rome) | |
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| Institution | |
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| Luther Reforms the Mass (Martin Luther, The German Mass and Order of Divine Service, 3) | |
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| Protestant Hymns (Martin Luther, "A Mighty Fortress Is Our God"; John Calvin, "I Greet Three, Who My Sure Redeemer Art") | |
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| Reestablishment of the Roman Inquisition (Pope Paul III, It Is Allowed from the Beginning [Licet ab initio], Introduction, 1-3, 13) | |
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| Establishment and Rules of the Jesuit Order (Pope Paul III, Rules of the Church Militant [Regimini militantes ecclesiae] 1-16) | |
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| Jesuit Rules for Thinking with the Church (Ignatius Loyola, Spiritual Exercises) | |
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| The Council of Trent Reforms the Mass (Canon of the Order for Low Mass) | |
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| Teaching | |
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| Breaking Down the Barriers to Reform (Martin Luther, An Appeal to the Ruling Class) | |
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| Conflict over Justification (Martin Luther, Lectures on Romans; Council of Trent, Decree on Justification) | |
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| A Summary of Zwinglian Belief (The Ten Berne Theses) | |
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| The First Anabaptist Confession (The Schleitheim Confession) | |
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| The Voices of Protestant Women (Argula von Grumbach, Letter to the University of Ingolstadt; Lady Jane Grey, A Certain Communication) | |
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| Calvin on Predestination (John Calvin, Institutes 3.21.1-2, 7) | |
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| The Creed of Trent (Profession of Tridentine Faith) | |
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| Catholic Reform Mysticism (Teresa of Avila, The Interior Castle 1, 5, 7-9, 15) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| Christian Freedom (Martin Luther, Treatise on Christian Liberty) | |
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| Luther and Calvin on the Role of Women in the Church (Martin Luther, The Misuse of the Mass; John Calvin, Institutes 4.10.28-31) | |
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| Calvin on the Calling of All Christians (John Calvin, Institutes 3.10) | |
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| Relations | |
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| An Early Appeal for Religious Toleration (Balthasar Hubmaier, On Heretics and Those Who Burn Them) | |
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| Ignatius on Combating Protestants (Ignatius, Letter of August 13, 1554) | |
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| Truce between Protestant and Catholic States (The Peace of Augsburg) | |
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| The Heidelberg Catechism on the Roman Mass (Heidelberg Catechism Q. 1, 80) | |
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| Reformed and Anglican Views of the Relation of Church and State (John Calvin, Institutes 4.20.1-3, 31-32; Richard Hooker, Laws of Ecclesiastical Policy) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Early Modern Christianity (1600-1900) | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Names | |
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| Historical Sketch | |
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| Literary Genres of the Primary Sources | |
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| Events | |
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| The Rise of Puritanism (William Law, A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life) | |
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| Reaction to Witchcraft Trials (Cotton Mather, Tests for Witches) | |
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| The Religious Experience of Jonathan Edwards (Jonathan Edwards, Personal Narrative) | |
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| The Origins of Pietism (Philip Spener, Pious Considerations) | |
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| The Conversion of John Wesley (John Wesley's Journal, May 24, 1738) | |
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| The Birth of Quakerism (George Fox, Journal) | |
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| The Beginnings of the Protestant Missionary Movement (William Carey, An Inquiry into the Obligation of Christians to Use Means for the Conversion of the Heathen) | |
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| The Founding of the African Methodist Episcopal Church (Richard Allen, Life Experience and Gospel Labors of the Rt. Rev. Richard Allen) | |
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| The Birth of Mormon Christianity (Joseph Smith) | |
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| Phoebe Palmer and the Beginnings of the Holiness Movement (Phoebe Palmer, Entire Devotion to God, Introduction) | |
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| Institution | |
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| Rules for the Methodist Societies (Doctrines and Disciplines of the Methodist Church) | |
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| Hymns of Pietism and Rationalism (Charles Wesley, "Come, Sinners, to the Gospel Feast"; John Newton, "Amazing Grace"; Joseph Addison, "The Spacious Firmament on High") | |
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| Papal Infallibility Decreed (Dogmatic Decree of the Vatican Council) | |
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| Russian Orthodoxy in America ("Description of Orthodoxy in America") | |
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| Teaching | |
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| Two Samples of Missionary Preaching (Francisco Davila, "The Good Shepherd"; Jonathan Edwards, "Sinners in the Hand of an Angry God") | |
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| The Immaculate Conception of Mary (Pius IX, Ineffabilis Deus) | |
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| The High-Water Mark of Protestant Liberalism (Friedrich Schleiermacher, On Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers; Adolf von Harnack, What Is Christianity?) | |
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| Attack on Dead Orthodoxy (Soren Kierkegaard, Attack upon "Christendom") | |
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| The Oxford Movement and Doctrinal Development (John Henry Newman, An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| The Struggle over Slavery (Bishop John England, On the Subject of Domestic Slavery; Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, Written by Herself) | |
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| The Birth of the Feminist Movement (Sara Grimke, Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Woman; Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Introduction to The Woman's Bible) | |
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| Roman Catholicism on Social Change (Pope Leo XIII, Rerum novarum) | |
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| Relations | |
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| William Penn and Liberty of Conscience ("A Persuasive to Moderation to[ward] Church Dissenters") | |
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| Christianity Encounters Enlightenment Reason (John Locke, The Reasonableness of Christianity; Matthew Tindal, Christianity as Old as Creation) | |
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| John Rolfe Explains His Marriage to Pocahantas (John Rolfe, Letter to the Virginia Company) | |
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| American Protestant Anti-Catholicism (Maria Monk, Awful Disclosures) | |
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| The Roman Catholic Church Confronts Secular Thought (Pope Pius IX, Syllabus of Errors) | |
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| The Debate over Evolution (Charles Hodge, What Is Darwinism?; Lyman Abbott, Reminiscences) | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Christianity in Modern Times (1900-Present) | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Names | |
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| Historical Sketch | |
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| Literary Genres of the Primary Sources | |
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| Events | |
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| The Height of Protestant Missions (Robert E. Speer, The New Opportunity of the Church) | |
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| The Birth of Pentecostalism (History and Formative Years of the Church of God in Christ 1) | |
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| Resistance to the Nazi Regime (The Barmen Declaration) | |
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| Christians Struggle for Civil Rights (Martin Luther King, Jr., Letter from Birmingham Jail) | |
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| The Beginnings of Women's Liberation in Christianity (Mary Daly, "The Women's Movement: An Exodus Community") | |
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| The Aftermath of Apartheid in South Africa (H. Jurgen Hendriks, "The Religious Landscape in Post-Apartheid South Africa") | |
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| Institution | |
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| The World Council of Churches (Constitution of the World Council of Churches) | |
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| A Second Vatican Council Sampler (Declaration on Religious Liberty 2; Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions 1-3; Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World) | |
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| The Question of Women Priests in the Roman Catholic Church (Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, "Declaration on the Question of the Admission of Women to the Ministerial Priesthood") | |
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| Hymns of the Twentieth Century (Henry E. Fosdick, "God of Grace and God of Glory"; J. A. Olivar and M. Manzano, "When the Poor Ones" [Cuando el pobre]") | |
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| Christian Experience in Base Communities (Adela Jimenez, "The Word of God is Teaching Us How to Speak") | |
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| Teaching | |
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| The Rise of Biblical Criticism (Albert Schweitzer, The Quest for the Historical Jesus) | |
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| The Visions of Fundamentalism and Modernism (J. Gresham Machen, "What Fundamentalism Stands for Now"; Shailer Matthews, The Faith of Modernism) | |
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| The Heart of Neo-Orthodox Theology (Karl Barth, Church Dogmatics 1.1) | |
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| Faith as Ultimate Concern (Paul Tillich, Systematic Theology) | |
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| "Religionless Christianity" (Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Letters and Papers from Prison) | |
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| Rethinking the Relationship between God and the World (Sallie McFague, The World as God's Body) | |
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| A Protestant Creed from the Third World (Huria Kristen Batak Protestant, Confession of Faith) | |
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| Eastern Orthodoxy as Expressed in Its Eucharist (Alexander Schmemann, The World as Sacrament) | |
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| The Theology of Liberation (Gustavo Gutierrez, A Theology of Liberation) | |
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| Ethics | |
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| The Social Gospel (Walter Rauschenbusch, Christianity and the Social Crisis) | |
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| "Cheap Grace" and the Christian Life (Dietrich Bonhoeffer, The Cost of Discipleship) | |
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| Catholic Controversy over Artificial Contraception (Pope Paul VI, On Human Life [Humanae vitae]; Theologians of the Catholic University of America, Response to Humanae vitae) | |
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| Christianity and the Natural Environment (Lynn White, "The Historical Roots of our Ecological Crisis") | |
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| The Debate over Homosexuality (James Nelson, Body Theology; Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger, Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons) | |
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| Some Ethical Issues Surrounding Genetic Engineering ("Joint Appeal Against Human and Animal Patenting") | |
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| Relations | |
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| Orthodoxy and Roman Catholicism Move Closer (Pope John Paul II and Patriarch Demetrios I, Joint Statement) | |
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| The Search for Unity among Diverse Orthodox Americans (Message to All Orthodox Christians in America) | |
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| The Debate over Christianity and Religious Pluralism (John Hick, God Has Many Names; Clark H. Pinnock, A Wideness in God's Mercy) | |
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| Martyrdom in Guatemala (Human Rights Office of the Archdiocese of Guatemala, Guatemala: Never Again!) | |
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| A Dissent on Contemporary Ecumenism (Randall Balmer, "United We Fall") | |
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| Lutheran-Catholic Agreement on Justification (The Vatican and the Lutheran World Federation, "Joint Declaration on Justification") | |
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| A Look into Christianity's Possible Future | |
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| (Joel Carpenter, "Christianity in the New Millennium") | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Questions for Study and Discussion | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Index | |