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| Introduction to Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Exploring Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Cognitive Psychology Defined | |
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| Philosophical Antecedents of Psychology: Rationalism versus Empiricism | |
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| Psychological Antecedents of Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Early Dialectics in the Psychology of Cognition | |
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| From Associationism to Behaviorism | |
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| Gestalt Psychology | |
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| Emergence of Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Early Role of Psychobiology | |
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| Add a Dash of Technology: Engineering and Computation | |
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| Research Methods in Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Goals of Research | |
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| Distinctive Research Methods | |
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| Key Issues and Fields within Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Underlying Themes in the Study of Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Key Ideas in Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Chapter Previews | |
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| Summary | |
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| Thinking about Thinking: Factual, Analytical, Creative, and Practical Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Annotated Suggested Reading | |
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| Cognitive Neuroscience | |
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| Exploring Cognitive Psychology | |
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| The Brain | |
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| Viewing the Structures and Functions of the Brain | |
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| Postmortem Studies | |
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| Animal Studies | |
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| Electrical Recordings | |
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| Static Imaging Techniques | |
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| Metabolic Imaging | |
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| Cognition in the Brain: Cerebral Cortex and Other Structures | |
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| Gross Anatomy of the Brain: Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain | |
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| Cerebral Cortex and Localization of Function | |
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| Brain Disorders | |
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| Key Themes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Thinking about Thinking: Factual, Analytical, Creative, and Practical Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Annotated Suggested Reading | |
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| Attention and Consciousness | |
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| Exploring Cognitive Psychology | |
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| The Nature of Attention and Consciousness | |
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| Preconscious Processing | |
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| Controlled versus Automatic Processes | |
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| Habituation and Adaptation | |
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| Attention | |
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| Signal Detection | |
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| The Nature of Signal Detection | |
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| Vigilance | |
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| Search | |
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| Selective and Divided Attention | |
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| Basic Paradigms for Studying Selective Attention | |
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| Filter and Bottleneck Theories of Selective Attention | |
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| Attentional-Resource Theories of Selective Attention | |
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| Additional Considerations in Selective Attention | |
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| Divided Attention | |
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| Consciousness of Complex Mental Processes | |
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| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | |
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| Cognitive Neuroscientific Approaches to Attention and Consciousness | |
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| Attentional Systems | |
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| Using Event-Related Potentials to Measure Attention | |
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| A Psychopharmacological Approach | |
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| Links among Perception, Attention, and Consciousness | |
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| Key Themes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Thinking about Thinking: Factual, Analytical, Creative, and Practical Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Annotated Suggested Reading | |
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| Perception | |
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| Exploring Cognitive Psychology | |
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| From Sensation to Representation | |
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| Some Basic Concepts | |
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| Perceptual Constancies | |
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| Depth Perception | |
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| Approaches to Object and Form Perception | |
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| Theoretical Approaches to Perception | |
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| Bottom-Up Approaches: Direct Perception | |
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| Top-Down Approaches: Constructive Perception | |
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| Synthesizing the Two Approaches | |
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| A Computational Theory of Perception | |
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| Deficits in Perception | |
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| Agnosias | |
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| Anomalies in Color Perception | |
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| Akinetopsia | |
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| Key Themes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Thinking about Thinking: Factual, Analytical, Creative, and Practical Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Annotated Suggested Reading | |
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| Memory: Models and Research Methods | |
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| Exploring Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Tasks Used for Measuring Memory | |
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| Recall versus Recognition Tasks | |
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| Implicit versus Explicit Memory Tasks | |
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| Traditional Model of Memory | |
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| Sensory Store | |
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| Short-Term Store | |
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| Long-Term Store | |
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| The Levels-of-Processing Model | |
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| An Integrative Model: Working Memory | |
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| Multiple-Memory-Systems | |
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| A Connectionist Perspective | |
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| Memory in the Real World | |
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| Exceptional Memory and Neuropsychology | |
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| Outstanding Memory: Mnemonists | |
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| Deficient Memory | |
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| Role of the Hippocampus and Other Structures | |
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| Key Themes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Thinking about Thinking: Factual, Analytical, Creative, and Practical Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Annotated Suggested Reading | |
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| Memory Processes | |
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| Exploring Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Encoding and Transfer of Information | |
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| Forms of Encoding | |
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| Transfer of Information from Short-Term Memory to Long-Term Memory | |
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| Retrieval | |
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| Retrieval from Short-Term Memory | |
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| Retrieval from Long-Term Memory | |
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| Processes of Forgetting and Memory Distortion | |
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| Interference versus Decay Theory | |
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| The Constructive Nature of Memory | |
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| Autobiographical Memory | |
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| Memory Distortions | |
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| Context Effects on Encoding and Retrieval | |
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| Memory Development | |
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| Metacognitive Skills and Memory Development | |
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| Key Themes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Thinking about Thinking: Factual, Analytical, Creative, and Practical Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Annotated Suggested Reading | |
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| Representation and Manipulation of Knowledge in Memory: Images and Propositions | |
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| Exploring Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Mental Representation of Knowledge | |
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| External Representations: Pictures versus Words | |
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| Mental Imagery | |
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| Dual-Code Theory: Analogical Images versus Symbols | |
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| Propositional Theory | |
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| Mental Manipulations of Images | |
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| Mental Rotations | |
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| Image Scaling | |
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| Image Scanning | |
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| Synthesizing Images and Propositions | |
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| Epiphenomena and Demand Characteristics | |
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| Johnson-Laird's Mental Models | |
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| Neuropsychological Evidence for Multiple Codes | |
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| Visual versus Spatial Images | |
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| Spatial Cognition and Cognitive Maps | |
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| Rats, Bees, and Humans | |
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| Mental Shortcuts | |
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| Text Maps | |
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| Development of Visuospatial Skills | |
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| Key Themes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Thinking about Thinking: Factual, Analytical, Creative, and Practical Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Annotated Suggested Reading | |
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| Representation and Organization of Knowledge in Memory: Concepts, Categories, Networks, and Schemas | |
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| Exploring Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Organization of Declarative Knowledge | |
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| Concepts and Categories | |
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| Semantic Network Models | |
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| Schematic Representations | |
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| Representations of Procedural Knowledge | |
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| Integrative Models for Representing Declarative and Nondeclarative Knowledge | |
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| Combining Representations: ACT-R | |
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| Models Based on the Human Brain | |
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| Parallel Processing: The Connectionist Model | |
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| How Domain General or Domain Specific Is Cognition? | |
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| Key Themes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Thinking about Thinking: Factual, Analytical, Creative, and Practical Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Annotated Suggested Reading | |
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| Language: Nature and Acquisition | |
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| Exploring Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Properties of Language | |
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| General Description | |
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| Fundamental Aspects of Language | |
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| Processes of Language Comprehension | |
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| Speech Perception | |
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| Semantics and Syntax | |
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| Language Acquisition | |
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| Stages of Language Acquisition | |
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| Nature and Nurture | |
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| Beyond the First Years | |
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| Animal Language | |
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| Common Themes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Thinking about Thinking: Factual, Analytical, Creative, and Practical Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Annotated Suggested Reading | |
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| Language in Context | |
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| Exploring Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Reading: Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processes | |
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| Perceptual Issues in Reading | |
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| Lexical Processes in Reading | |
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| Language and Thought | |
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| Differences among Languages | |
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| Bilingualism and Dialects | |
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| Slips of the Tongue | |
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| Metaphorical Language | |
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| Language in a Social Context | |
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| Speech Acts | |
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| Conversational Postulates | |
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| Gender and Language | |
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| Discourse and Reading Comprehension | |
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| Neuropsychology of Language | |
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| Aphasia | |
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| Autism | |
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| Lesion Studies and Event-Related Potentials Research | |
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| Other Methods | |
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| Common Themes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Thinking about Thinking: Factual, Analytical, Creative, and Practical Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Annotated Suggested Reading | |
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| Problem Solving and Creativity | |
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| Exploring Cognitive Psychology | |
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| The Problem-Solving Cycle | |
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| Types of Problems | |
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| Well-Structured Problems | |
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| Ill-Structured Problems and the Role of Insight | |
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| Obstacles and Aids to Problem Solving | |
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| Mental Sets, Entrenchment, and Fixation | |
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| Negative and Positive Transfer | |
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| Incubation | |
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| Expertise: Knowledge and Problem Solving | |
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| Organization of Knowledge | |
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| Innate Talent and Acquired Skill | |
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| Creativity | |
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| It's How Much You Produce | |
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| It's What You Know | |
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| It's Who You Are | |
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| It's Where You Are | |
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| All of the Above | |
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| Types of Creative Contributions | |
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| Common Themes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Thinking about Thinking: Factual, Analytical, Creative, and Practical Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Annotated Suggested Reading | |
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| Decision Making and Reasoning | |
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| Exploring Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Judgment and Decision Making | |
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| Classical Decision Theory | |
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| Satisficing | |
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| Elimination by Aspects | |
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| Heuristics and Biases | |
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| Deductive Reasoning | |
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| Conditional Reasoning | |
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| Syllogistic Reasoning | |
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| Linear Syllogisms | |
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| Further Aids and Obstacles to Deductive Reasoning | |
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| Inductive Reasoning | |
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| Reaching Causal Inferences | |
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| Categorical Inferences | |
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| Reasoning by Analogy | |
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| Development of Inductive Reasoning | |
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| An Alternative View of Reasoning | |
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| Common Themes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Thinking about Thinking: Factual, Analytical, Creative, and Practical Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Annotated Suggested Reading | |
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| Human and Artificial Intelligence | |
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| Exploring Cognitive Psychology | |
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| Measures and Structures of Intelligence | |
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| Spearman: The "g" Factor | |
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| Thurstone: Primary Mental Abilities | |
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| Guilford: The Structure of Intellect | |
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| Cattell, Vernon, and Carroll: Hierarchical Models | |
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| Information Processing and Intelligence | |
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| Process-Timing Theories | |
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| Working Memory | |
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| Componential Theory and Complex Problem Solving | |
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| Biological Bases of Intelligence | |
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| Alternative Approaches to Intelligence | |
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| Cultural Context and Intelligence | |
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| Gardner: Multiple Intelligences | |
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| Sternberg: The Triarchic Theory | |
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| Improving Intelligence: Effective, Ineffective, and Questionable Strategies | |
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| Development of Intelligence in Adults | |
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| Artificial Intelligence: Computer Simulations | |
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| Can a Computer Program Be "Intelligent"? | |
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| Questions about the Intelligence of Intelligent Programs | |
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| Common Themes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Thinking about Thinking: Factual, Analytical, Creative, and Practical Questions | |
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| Key Terms | |
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| Annotated Suggested Reading | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |