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| Geotechnical Properties Of Soil And Of Reinforced Soil | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Grain-Size Distribution | |
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| Size Limits for Soils | |
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| Weight-Volume Relationships | |
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| Relative Density | |
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| Atterberg Limits | |
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| Soil Classification Systems | |
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| Hydraulic Conductivity of Soil | |
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| Steady-State Seepage | |
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| Filter Design Criteria | |
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| Effective Stress Concept | |
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| Capillary Rise in Soil | |
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| Consolidation-General | |
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| Consolidation Settlement Calculation | |
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| Time Rate of Consolidation | |
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| Shear Strength | |
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| Unconfined Compression Test | |
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| Comments on Shear Strength Parameters | |
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| Sensitivity | |
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| Soil Reinforcement-General | |
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| Considerations for Soil Reinforcement | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Natural Soil Deposits And Subsoil Exploration | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Soil Origin | |
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| Residual Soil | |
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| Alluvial Deposits | |
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| Glacial Deposits | |
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| Aeolian Soil Deposits | |
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| Organic Soil | |
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| Some Local Terms for Soils | |
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| Purpose of Soil Exploration | |
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| Subsurface Exploration Program | |
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| Exploratory Borings in the Field | |
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| Procedures for Sampling Soil | |
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| Observation of Water Tables | |
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| Vane Shear Test | |
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| Cone Penetration Test | |
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| Pressuremeter Test (PMT) | |
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| Dilatometer Test | |
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| Coring of Rocks | |
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| Preparation of Boring Logs | |
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| Determination of Hydraulic Conductivity in the Field | |
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| Geophysical Exploration | |
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| Subsoil Exploration Report | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Shallow Foundations - Ultimate Bearing Capacity | |
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| Introduction | |
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| General Concept | |
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| Terzaghi''s Bearing Capacity Theory | |
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| Modification of Bearing Capacity Equations for Water Table | |
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| Case History: Ultimate Bearing Capacity in Saturated Clay | |
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| Factor of Safety | |
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| The General Bearing Capacity Equation | |
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| Effect of Soil Compressibility | |
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| Eccentrically Located Foundations | |
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| Bearing Capacity of Layered Soils-Stronger Soil Underlain by Weaker Soil | |
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| Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Top of a Slope | |
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| Seismic Bearing Capacity and Settlement in Granular Soil | |
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| Foundation on Sand with Geotextile Reinforcement | |
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| Foundations on Saturated Clay (Phi = 0) with Geogrid Reinforcement | |
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| General Remarks | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Shallow Foundations - Allowable Bearing Capacity And Settlement | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Stress Due to a Concentrated Load | |
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| Stress Due to a Circularly Loaded Area | |
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| Stress Below a Rectangular Area | |
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| Average Vertical Stress Increase Due to a Rectangularly Loaded Area | |
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| Stress Increase under an Embankment | |
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| Stress Increase Due to Any Type of Loading | |
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| Elastic Settlement Based on the Theory of Elasticity | |
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| Elastic Settlement of Foundations on Saturated Clay | |
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| Settlement of Sandy Soil: Use of Strain Influence Factor | |
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| Range of Material Parameters for Computing Elastic Settlement | |
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| Consolidation Settlement | |
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| Skempton-Bjerrum Modification for Consolidation Settlement | |
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| Consolidation Settlement-General Comments and a Case History | |
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| Allowable Bearing Pressure in Sand Based on Settlement Consideration | |
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| Field Load Test | |
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| Presumptive Bearing Capacity | |
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| Tolerable Settlement of Buildings | |
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| Shallow Foundation on Soil with Reinforcement | |
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| Strip Foundation on Granular Soil Reinforced by Metallic Strips | |
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| Factor of Safety of Ties Against Breaking and Pullout | |
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| Design Procedure for Strip Foundation on Reinforced Earth | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Mat Foundations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Common Types of Mat Foundations | |
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| Bearing Capacity of Mat Foundations | |
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| Differential Settlements of Mats | |
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| Field Settlement Observations for Mat Foundations | |
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| Compensated Foundations | |
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| Structural Design of Mat Foundations | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Lateral Earth Pressure | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Lateral Earth Pressure at Rest | |
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| Rankine Active Earth Pressure | |
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| Rankine Active Earth Pressure for Inclined Backfill | |
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| Coulomb''s Active Earth Pressure | |
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| Active Earth Pressure for Earthquake Conditions | |
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| Lateral Earth Pressure Due to Surcharge | |
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| Active Pressure for Wall Rotation About Top-Braced Cut | |
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| Active Earth Pressure for Translation of Retaining Wall-Granular Backfill | |
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| Rankine Passive Earth Pressure | |
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| Rankine Passive Earth Pressure-Inclined Backfill | |
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| Coulomb''s Passive Earth Pressure | |
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| Comments on the Failure Surface Assumption for Coulomb''s Pressure Calculations | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Retaining Walls | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Proportioning Retaining Walls | |
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| Application of Lateral Earth Pressure Theories to Design | |
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| Stability Checks | |
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| Other Types of Possible Retaining-Wall Failure | |
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| Comments Relating to Stability | |
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| Draining from the Backfill of the Retaining Wall | |
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| Provision of Joints in Retaining-Wall Construction | |
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| Gravity Retaining-Wall Design for Earthquake Conditions | |
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| General Design Considerations | |
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| Retaining Walls with Metallic Strip Reinforcement | |
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| Step-by-Step Procedure (Metallic Strip Reinforcement) | |
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| Retaining Walls with Geotextile Reinforcement | |
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| Retaining Walls with Geogrid Reinforcement | |
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| General Comments | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Sheet Pile Structures | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Construction Methods | |
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| Cantilever Sheet Pile Walls-General | |
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| Cantilever Sheet Piling Penetrating Sandy Soils | |
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| Special Cases for Cantilever Walls (Penetrating a Sandy Soil) | |
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| Cantilever Sheet Piling Penetrative Clay | |
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| Special Cases for Cantilever Walls (Penetrating Clay) | |
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| Anchored Sheet Pile Wall-General | |
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| Free Earth Support Method for Penetration of Sandy Soil | |
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| Design Charts for Free Earth Support Method (Penetration into Sandy Soil) | |
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| Moment Reduction for Anchored Sheet Pile Walls | |
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| Free Earth Support Method for Penetration of Clay | |
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| Computational Pressure Diagram Method (for Penetration of Sandy Soil) | |
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| Fixed Earth Support Method for Penetration into Sandy Soil | |
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| Field Observations for Anchored Sheet Pile Walls | |
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| Anchors-General | |
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| Holding Capacity of Anchor Plates and Beams in Sand | |
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| Ultimate Resistance of Anchor Plates and Beams in Clay (Phi = 0 Condition) | |
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| Ultimate Resistance of Tie Backs | |
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| Brace Cuts-General | |
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| Pressure Envelope for Braced-Cut Design | |
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| Design of Various Components of a Braced Cut | |
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| Bottom Heaving of a Cut in Clay | |
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| Stability of the Bottom of a Cut in Sand | |
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| Lateral Yielding of Sheet Piles and Ground Settlement | |
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| Case Studies of Braced Cuts | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Pile Foundations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Types of Piles and Their Structural Characteristics | |
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| Estimating Pile Length | |
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| Installation of Piles | |
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| Load Transfer Mechanism | |
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| Equations for Estimating Pile Capacity | |
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| Meyerhof''s Method-Estimation of Q[sub p] | |
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| Vesic''s Method-Estimation of Q[sub p] | |
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| Janbu''s Method-Estimation of Q[sub p] | |
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| Coyle and Castello''s Method-Estimation of Q[sub p] in Sand | |
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| Frictional Resistance (Q[sub p]) in Sand | |
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| Frictional (Skin) Resistance in Clay | |
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| General Comments and Allowable Pile Capacity | |
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| Point Bearing Capacity of Piles Resting on Rock | |
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| Pile Load Tests | |
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| Comparison of Theory with Field Load Test Results | |
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| Settlement of Piles | |
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| Pullout Resistance of Piles | |
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| Pullout Resistance of Piles | |
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| Laterally Loaded Piles | |
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| Pile-Driving Formulas | |
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| Negative Skin Friction | |
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| Group Efficiency | |
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| Ultimate Capacity of Group Piles in Saturated Clay | |
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| Piles in Rock | |
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| Consolidation Settlement of Group Piles | |
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| Elastic Settlement of Group Piles | |
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| Uplift Capacity Group Piles | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Drilled-Shaft And Caisson Foundations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Types of Drilled Shafts | |
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| Construction Procedures | |
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| Other Design Considerations | |
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| Load Transfer Mechanism | |
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| Estimation of Load-Bearing Capacity-General | |
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| Drilled Shafts in Sand-Load-Bearing Capacity | |
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| Drilled Shafts in Clay-Load-Bearing Capacity | |
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| Settlement of Drilled Shafts at Working Load | |
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| Uplift Capacity of Drilled Shafts | |
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| Lateral Load-Carrying Capacity | |
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| Drilled Shafts Extending into Rock | |
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| Types of Caissons | |
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| Thickness of Concrete Seal in Open Caissons | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Foundations On Difficult Soils | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Definition and Types of Collapsible Soil | |
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| Physical Parameters for Identification | |
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| Procedure for Calculating Collapse Settlement | |
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| Foundation Design in Soils Not Susceptible to Wetting | |
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| Foundation Design in Soils Susceptible to Wetting | |
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| Case Histories of Stabilization of Collapsible Soil | |
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| Expansive Soils-General | |
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| Laboratory Measurement of Swell | |
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| Classification of Expansive Soil Based on Index Tests | |
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| Foundation Considerations for Expansive Soils | |
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| Construction on Expansive Soils | |
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| Sanitary Landfills-General | |
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| Settlement of Sanitary Landfills | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Soil Improvement And Ground Modification | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Compaction-General Principles | |
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| One-Point Method for Obtaining Gamma[sub d(max)] | |
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| Correction for Compaction of Soils with Oversized Particles | |
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| Field Compaction | |
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| Compaction Control for Clay Hydraulic Barriers | |
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| Vibroflotation | |
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| Precompression-General Considerations | |
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| Sand Drains | |
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| An Example of a Sand Drain Application | |
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| Prefabricated Vertical Drains (PVDs) | |
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| Lime Stabilization | |
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| Cement Stabilization | |
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| Fly Ash Stabilization | |
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| Stone Columns | |
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| Sand Compaction Piles | |
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| Dynamic Compaction | |
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| Problems | |
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| References | |
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| Appendices | |
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| Conversion Factors | |