An Interpersonal Process Approach | p. 1 |
Introduction and Overview | p. 3 |
The Need for a Conceptual Framework | p. 4 |
The Interpersonal Process Approach | p. 5 |
Theoretical and Historical Context | p. 5 |
Basic Premises | p. 12 |
Client Diversity and Response Specificity | p. 20 |
Model of Therapy | p. 23 |
Limitations and Aims | p. 24 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | p. 27 |
Responding to Clients | p. 29 |
Establishing a Working Alliance | p. 31 |
Conceptual Overview | p. 31 |
Chapter Organization | p. 32 |
A Collaborative Relationship | p. 32 |
Balancing Directive and Nondirective Initiatives | p. 33 |
Beginning the Initial Interview | p. 35 |
Understanding the Client | p. 39 |
Clients Do Not Feel Understood or Affirmed | p. 40 |
Demonstrating Understanding | p. 42 |
Identify Recurrent Themes | p. 46 |
Process Comments Facilitate a Collaborative Alliance | p. 50 |
Performance Anxieties | p. 53 |
Care and Understanding as Preconditions of Change | p. 54 |
Closing | p. 56 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | p. 56 |
Honoring the Client's Resistance | p. 58 |
Conceptual Overview | p. 58 |
Chapter Organization | p. 59 |
Reluctance to Address Resistance | p. 60 |
The Therapist's Reluctance | p. 61 |
The Client's Reluctance | p. 62 |
Conceptualizing Resistance | p. 65 |
Identifying Resistance | p. 65 |
Formulating Working Hypotheses | p. 66 |
Responding to Resistance | p. 68 |
Resistance During the Initial Telephone Contact | p. 68 |
Resistance at the End of the First Session | p. 72 |
Resistance during Subsequent Sessions | p. 79 |
Closing | p. 85 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | p. 86 |
An Internal Focus for Change | p. 87 |
Conceptual Overview | p. 87 |
Chapter Organization | p. 88 |
Shifting to an Internal Focus | p. 88 |
A Prerequisite for Change | p. 88 |
Focusing Clients Inward | p. 93 |
Reluctance to Adopt an Internal Focus | p. 95 |
Placing the Locus of Change with Clients | p. 98 |
Using the Therapeutic Relationship to Foster Clients' Initiative | p. 98 |
Therapeutic Interventions That Place Clients at the Fulcrum of Change | p. 103 |
Enlisting Clients in Resolving Their Own Conflicts | p. 106 |
Recapitulating Clients' Conflicts | p. 106 |
Providing a Corrective Emotional Experience | p. 108 |
Tracking Clients' Anxiety | p. 109 |
Identifying Signs of Clients' Anxiety | p. 110 |
Approach Clients' Anxiety Directly | p. 110 |
Observe What Precipitates Clients' Anxiety | p. 111 |
Focus Clients Inward to Explore Their Anxiety | p. 112 |
Closing | p. 114 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | p. 115 |
Responding to Conflicted Emotions | p. 116 |
Conceptual Overview | p. 116 |
Chapter Organization | p. 116 |
Responding to Clients' Conflicted Emotions | p. 117 |
Approaching Clients' Affect | p. 118 |
Expanding and Elaborating Clients' Affect | p. 120 |
Identifying and Punctuating the Predominant Affect | p. 124 |
An Old Wound | p. 124 |
Multiple Stressors | p. 125 |
A Characterological Affect | p. 125 |
Clients' Affective Constellations | p. 126 |
Anger-Sadness-Shame | p. 127 |
Sadness-Anger-Guilt | p. 129 |
Holding Clients' Pain | p. 131 |
Clients Resist Feelings to Avoid Interpersonal Consequences | p. 132 |
Providing a Holding Environment | p. 134 |
Change from the Inside Out | p. 138 |
Personal Factors That Prevent Therapists from Responding to Clients' Emotions | p. 141 |
Therapists' Need to Be Liked | p. 141 |
Therapists' Misperceptions of Their Responsibility | p. 142 |
Family Rules | p. 144 |
Situational Problems in Therapists' Own Lives | p. 146 |
Closing | p. 147 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | p. 148 |
Conceptualizing Client Dynamics | p. 149 |
Familial and Developmental Factors | p. 151 |
Conceptual Overview | p. 151 |
Chapter Organization | p. 151 |
Structural Family Relations | p. 152 |
The Parental Coalition | p. 152 |
How the Parental Coalition Influences Child Adjustment | p. 154 |
The Separateness-Relatedness Dialectic | p. 160 |
Child-Rearing Practices | p. 162 |
Three Styles of Parenting | p. 162 |
Consequences of Child-Rearing Practices | p. 164 |
Authoritarian Parenting, Love Withdrawal, and Insecure Attachment | p. 165 |
Relating the Three Dimensions of Family Life | p. 176 |
Closing | p. 177 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | p. 178 |
Inflexible Interpersonal Coping Strategies | p. 179 |
Conceptual Overview | p. 179 |
Chapter Organization | p. 180 |
A Conceptual Model | p. 180 |
Clients' Developmental Needs | p. 181 |
Clients' Compromise Solutions | p. 182 |
Resolving the Generic Conflict | p. 189 |
Case Study of Peter: Moving Toward Others | p. 192 |
Developmental History and Precipitating Crisis | p. 192 |
Precipitating Crises, Maladaptive Relational Templates, and Symptom Development | p. 194 |
The Course of Treatment | p. 196 |
Two Case Summaries | p. 200 |
Carlos: Moving Against Others | p. 200 |
Maggie: Moving Away from Others | p. 204 |
Closing | p. 207 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | p. 208 |
Current Interpersonal Factors | p. 209 |
Conceptual Overview | p. 209 |
Chapter Organization | p. 209 |
How Clients Bring Their Conflicts into the Therapeutic Relationship | p. 210 |
Eliciting Maneuvers | p. 210 |
Testing Behavior | p. 215 |
Transference Reactions | p. 221 |
Optimum Interpersonal Balance | p. 227 |
Enmeshment | p. 227 |
Disengagement | p. 228 |
Effective Involvement | p. 229 |
The Ambivalent Nature of Conflict | p. 231 |
The Two Sides of Clients' Conflicts | p. 231 |
Ambivalent Feelings | p. 234 |
Closing | p. 236 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | p. 237 |
Resolution and Change | p. 239 |
An Interpersonal Solution | p. 241 |
Conceptual Overview | p. 241 |
Chapter Organization | p. 243 |
Enacting a Resolution of Clients' Conflicts in the Interpersonal Process | p. 243 |
Bringing Clients' Conflicts into the Therapeutic Relationship | p. 243 |
Using the Process Dimension to Resolve Conflicts | p. 246 |
Working with Clients' Conflicts in the Therapeutic Relationship | p. 260 |
Intervening Within the Therapeutic Relationship | p. 261 |
Therapists' Initial Reluctance to Address the Process | p. 264 |
Closing | p. 272 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | p. 273 |
Working Through and Termination | p. 275 |
Conceptual Overview | p. 275 |
Chapter Organization | p. 275 |
Working Through | p. 276 |
The Course of Client Change: An Overview | p. 276 |
The Working-Through Process | p. 278 |
From Present Conflicts, Through Family-of-Origin Work, and on to Future Plans | p. 287 |
Termination | p. 296 |
Accepting That the Relationship Must End | p. 297 |
Ending the Relationship | p. 302 |
Closing | p. 303 |
Suggestions for Further Reading | p. 303 |
Process Notes | p. 305 |
Case Formulation Guidelines | p. 309 |
Bibliography | p. 313 |
Name Index | p. 319 |
Subject Index | p. 323 |
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