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Preface to the second edition | |
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Energy transformation | |
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Introduction | |
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Distribution of energy | |
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System and surroundings | |
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Animal energy consumption | |
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Carbon, energy, and life | |
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References and further reading | |
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Exercises | |
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The First Law of Thermodynamics | |
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Introduction | |
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Internal energy | |
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Work | |
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The First Law in operation | |
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Enthalpy | |
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Standard state | |
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Some examples from biochemistry | |
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Heat capacity | |
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Energy conservation in the living organism | |
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References and further reading | |
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Exercises | |
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The Second Law of Thermodynamics | |
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Introduction | |
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Entropy | |
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Heat engines | |
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Entropy of the universe | |
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Isothermal systems | |
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Protein denaturation | |
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The Third Law and biology | |
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Irreversibility and life | |
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References and further reading | |
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Exercises | |
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Gibbs free energy - theory | |
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Introduction | |
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Equilibrium | |
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Reversible processes | |
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Phase transitions | |
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Chemical potential | |
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Effect of solutes on boiling points and freezing points | |
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Ionic solutions | |
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Equilibrium constant | |
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Standard state in biochemistry | |
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Effect of temperature on K[subscript eq] | |
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Acids and bases | |
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Chemical coupling | |
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Redox reactions | |
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References and further reading | |
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Exercises | |
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Gibbs free energy - applications | |
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Introduction | |
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Photosynthesis, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle | |
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Oxidative phosphorylation and ATP hydrolysis | |
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Substrate cycling | |
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Osmosis | |
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Dialysis | |
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Donnan equilibrium | |
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Membrane transport | |
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Enzyme-substrate interaction | |
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Molecular pharmacology | |
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Hemoglobin | |
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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) | |
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DNA | |
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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | |
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Free energy of transfer of amino acids | |
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Protein solubility | |
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Protein stability | |
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Protein dynamics | |
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Non-equilibrium thermodynamics and life | |
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References and further reading | |
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Exercises | |
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Statistical thermodynamics | |
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Introduction | |
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Diffusion | |
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Boltzmann distribution | |
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Partition function | |
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Analysis of thermodynamic data | |
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Multi-state equilibria | |
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Protein heat capacity functions | |
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Cooperative transitions | |
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"Interaction" free energy | |
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Helix-coil transition theory | |
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References and further reading | |
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Exercises | |
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Binding equilibria | |
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Introduction | |
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Single-site model | |
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Multiple independent sites | |
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Oxygen transport | |
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Scatchard plots and Hill plots | |
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Allosteric regulation | |
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Proton binding | |
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References and further reading | |
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Exercises | |
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Reaction kinetics | |
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Introduction | |
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Rate of reaction | |
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Rate constant and order of reaction | |
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First-order and second-order reactions | |
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Temperature effects | |
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Collision theory | |
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Transition state theory | |
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Electron transfer kinetics | |
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Enzyme kinetics | |
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Inhibition | |
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Reaction mechanism of lysozyme | |
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Hydrogen exchange | |
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Protein folding and pathological misfolding | |
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Polymerization | |
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Muscle contraction and molecular motors | |
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References and further reading | |
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Exercises | |
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The frontier of biological thermodynamics | |
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Introduction | |
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What is energy? | |
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The laws of thermodynamics and our universe | |
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Thermodynamics of (very) small systems | |
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Formation of the first biological macromolecules | |
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Bacteria | |
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Energy, information, and life | |
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Biology and complexity | |
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The Second Law and evolution | |
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References and further reading | |
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Exercises | |
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Appendices | |
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General references | |
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Biocalorimetry | |
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Useful tables | |
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BASIC program for computing the intrinsic rate of amide hydrogen exchange from the backbone of a polypeptide | |
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Glossary | |
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Index of names | |
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Subject index | |